1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

After the foundation and walls are ready, you can proceed to last stage building a house - installing a roof. The information in this article will help you understand the main aspects of this process. Do-it-yourself roof installation must begin by familiarizing yourself with the main types of roofs that are common in private construction.

Roof types

There are several main types of structures that differ from each other in the complexity of the work:

Before you start installing the roof with your own hands, observe the types of roofing of houses in the area. This will help you decide on the desired shape and type of construction. Often on houses of medium size there are broken mansard roofs. This situation is explained by the fact that such roofs allow you to equip the attic for living quarters. In addition, this type of roof is not difficult to install.

It should also be remembered that the larger the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house, the greater the number of additional elements and accessories that can be on the roof surface. But if you do not have sufficient knowledge on creating complex roofs, then it is better to turn to specialists. The more complex the roof, the more complex the rafter system.

Materials you will need

After you have decided on the choice of the type of roof, you can proceed to the choice of the coating itself. The number and cross-section of rafters depends on it, as well as specifications the entire roof. After all, the roof with your own hands must be done correctly. The most durable truss system should be under the tiles. Ceramic tiles have a much greater weight than slate and metal, so it is very important to calculate the characteristics of the rafters for such a coating (more: ""). For their installation, it is necessary to purchase timber, boards, slats and nails. Also, to organize a roofing pie, you will need insulation, hydro- and vapor barrier films, screws and nails. The consumption of all materials directly depends on the complexity of the roof, its area and the roofing material itself. Calculations of materials should be carried out in advance, while we recommend that you involve specialists for these purposes.

Sequence of work

Roof installation technology involves laying a Mauerlat wall around the perimeter. it thick timber which is the backbone and foundation for truss system. The strength of this element directly affects the strength of the rest of the structure. Therefore, the choice of wood and fasteners should be approached with great care.

Mauerlat laying is checked by level. It is impossible to allow distortions in one direction or another. For fastenings, it is best to use anchor bolts. They are installed even when pouring the reinforcing belt, while the ends are left protruding (more details: ""). Mauerlat will be mounted on the bolts later. To do this, holes are made in it, strictly step by step between the bolts. The beam is seated with a sledgehammer, while making sure that it lies evenly and tightly.

After laying the Mauerlat proceed to installation roof truss. Rafters are assembled from thick boards or timber. It is they who will have all the main load, so you should not save on materials. Then the rafters are fastened with ties, jumpers, spacers and crossbars. If you already know how to do the installation of the roof with your own hands, then all tasks are noticeably simplified. If this is the first experience of such work, then it is better to enlist the help of someone who has already been involved in the installation of the roof.

Remember that each rafter leg necessarily rests on the Mauerlat, while at the other end it joins with the opposite rafter. The width of the step depends on the size of the roof and the weight of the roofing cake. The greater the estimated load, the narrower the pitch of the rafters should be.

The part where the bars meet is called the ridge. Crossbars are reinforcing jumpers between the bars. If you carry out the installation of the roof with your own hands, the type of which is gable, then the result should be a structure in the form of two triangles fastened together. They are more convenient to collect on the ground. Installation is carried out directly at the top. Assembly of the structure on the roof is carried out only after they are installed ceiling beams. The rafters are installed as follows - first, the extreme beams are fixed, which are fixed by the ridge beam, then they proceed to the installation of all the others. After that, the bars are finally fixed with nails and screws. AT right places additional ties and jumpers are installed.

Along each rafter leg, it is necessary to fill the slats of the counter-lattice. It is needed to organize the gap between the rafters and the crate. Thus, sufficient space for ventilation is organized. Lathing slats are stuffed onto the counter-lattice. They are fixed with a certain step across the rafters. If all this technology seems too complicated for you to understand, we advise you to turn to more experienced builder, as well as see photos and videos of how to assemble a truss system, etc. In fact, all the work is not so complicated, it's just important to understand their principle.

After the rafter system and the crate are ready, you can proceed to the next stage of roof installation.

Protection and insulation

Before laying the roofing material, it is necessary to equip the roof protection. This item is mandatory, otherwise cold and moisture will enter the house.

The protective layers of the roof are usually arranged in this order:

• vapor barrier that protects the insulation from moisture;
• insulation - keeps heat in the house;
• waterproofing, does not let moisture through to thermal insulation;
• roofing finish.

These four layers are commonly referred to as roofing cake. Work on the arrangement of protection begins with laying a heat insulator between the rafters. Mineral wool is increasingly used as such a material. It is resistant to wear, has a long service life and low weight. To reduce the cost of construction, foam can be used, but it is highly toxic and flammable. Therefore, it is not recommended to do insulation in this way. For reliable protection of the roof, the insulation is laid in two layers. Thus, a gasket with a thickness of about 10 cm will be obtained. For regions with a relatively warm climate and not severe winters, 5 cm is quite enough.

In addition to protecting the house from the cold, thermal insulation acts as a sound-absorbing material. This feature of the insulation becomes especially relevant for houses in noisy places and in the case of using metal coatings as a roofing material.

After laying the insulation, proceed to the installation of the vapor barrier film. It is pulled from the inside, from the side of the attic. The film is attached to the rafter system with a stapler. Thus, it will close the thermal insulation from the inside. This allows you to protect mineral wool from the steam that rises from the living quarters.

The next stages of roofing work are carried out from the outside. A diffusion waterproofing membrane is laid on top of the thermal insulation. It does not let moisture in, which forms on the inner surface of the roofing material or penetrates through small cracks. At the same time, the steam that forms in the heat insulator freely rises and passes through the film. That is, even if the thermal insulation is at least slightly saturated with moisture, it will soon be easily removed from this layer of the “pie”. The film is fixed on the crate with a stapler.

On this roofing cake is almost ready and it remains only to lay the final layer. Thus, you almost know everything you need to complete the installation of the roof with your own hands.

Roof truss system, detailed video instruction:

Finish coat

If you carefully read the previous sections of the article, then you have probably already chosen the roofing material. But let's go over some of them again.

So, for example, slate differs in the lowest cost. It allows you to easily carry out the installation of the roof and at the same time get reliable protection for the house. But appearance such a roof, to put it mildly, is not very attractive. Since slate is not elegant, it is often used for roofing on outbuildings, bathhouses and garages. However, the slate will good decision for a small country house.

Natural shingles have a much better appearance. A house with such a coating stands out well along with others. The tile has a lot of advantages, but it should be remembered that it is very heavy. Therefore, the rafter system must be strong enough and of high quality. The service life of such a roof is very high, its laying is relatively easy and fast. But for the work it will be necessary to involve specialists, since the correct organization of the crate system plays a huge role.

Metal roofing is very popular. It mimics the look of the previous coating. In addition, the technical specifications are high level- durability, beauty, lightness and cheapness. Installation of such a roof will not take much time. In addition, thanks to the coating with a protective polymer, the metal tile will last long years without requiring repair. From a certain distance, it seems that the roof is covered with individual elements of tiles, but in fact it consists of sheets that must be laid in a certain sequence.

Regardless of the material chosen, you should always put the bottom element under the top one. Each type of roofing has its own characteristics of laying, and therefore it is necessary to strictly adhere to the instructions for work or seek help from professional roofers.

Very often, do-it-yourself roof installation ultimately allows you to get a coating that is no different from the work of professionals. The lack of knowledge and experience is compensated by responsibility and the desire to do better, more reliable, more beautiful for yourself.

We do not recommend amateur builders to save on materials, but if you really have "golden hands", then it is quite possible to save on some accessories. Such elements of the roof include a drain. It is necessary so that the water that flows down the plane of the roof is reliably removed, and does not fall on the walls and foundation. For these purposes, ordinary plastic pipes sawn in half, from which you can make. This is a great alternative to pre-made gutters. At the same time, a correctly selected pipe diameter allows you to create a high-quality rainfall drainage system.

As a result, the erected roof, regardless of the material chosen, must meet the requirements of strength and reliability. If you managed to create a coating that protects well from rain and snow, absorbs noise and cold, then you have done all the work correctly and the quality of living in the house will be very high.

Roof design begins with the collection of loads. Calculate the total weight of one square meter the entire roof structure. To do this, you must first draw the drawings of the roof and calculate the snow and wind load according to the area where construction is underway.

In order to correctly collect the load, you need to know the specific gravity of all materials that are used for the construction of the roof, from the type of wood to the type of insulation and outer coating. This data is required for correct selection step rafter legs. The greater the load, the smaller the distance should be between the rafters.

The maximum distance that is allowed between the rafters should not exceed 1200 mm. The optimal distance is one meter. Next, you should choose the cross section of the beam.

To calculate the roof structure, there is a special algorithm from a variety of formulas, but all of them are intended only for analyzing the construction of large industrial buildings. For private construction, the process of selecting a section can be simplified.

The height of the beam is calculated from the maximum length of the rafter leg. 1/20 of the length will be optimal height timber. But 1/3 of the resulting height - this will be the required width of the timber. The result is a robust system that can withstand heavy loads.

AT wooden house upper strapping beam for frame house will serve as a support for the rafters. AT brick house along the upper edge of the masonry, it is necessary to install a Mauerlat - a powerful horizontal bar that is attached to the wall with crutches.

A do-it-yourself roof is built in a few days, if you plan the whole process correctly. At the junction of two different materials such as brick and wood, it is always necessary to lay waterproofing. Roof construction instructions begin with proper styling bearing beams. Then inclined rafters are installed at an angle, which is provided for in the project.

To fix the rafters, slopes and strapping boards are installed as part of the crate. The fastening of all rafters into a single structure makes a wooden roof stable. At this stage, it is important to accurately align the position of the rafter legs, they must be in the same plane, strictly in the correct design position.

After fixing the rafter legs, a crate is stuffed, which is a series of boards with a certain step, then the final coating will be attached to them. If the roof is provided from soft materials, the crate is made of a solid type from plywood sheets. In all other cases, it is enough to nail the elements of the crate at a certain distance from each other.

After that, protective materials (insulation and vapor barrier) are laid and the final roofing is installed. In some cases, insulation is done inside the structure after the installation of the roofing material. The rafter roof must be ventilated to ensure a normal microclimate for structures and their durability.

Any work can be divided into stages. So, do-it-yourself roof step by step.

First step. Make a calculation of the roof, collect the load, determine the cross section of the beam, its length. Be sure to summarize all the data in the material consumption specification.

Second step. Prepare all essential tool, purchase material, prepare a place for storage. Consider a mechanism for feeding heavy structures to the roof. On the day of work, you may need to hire a truck crane.

Third step. Prepare the surface for work. Start installing the power plate, strapping beam and rafter legs. Carefully check the design position of the rafters. At the end of the working day, make sure that the working structure is securely fastened.

Fourth step. Submission of batten boards. Sheathing and installation protective materials under the roof At this stage, you will have to do a lot of cutting work. It is difficult and long to work with a hacksaw, so you need to rent a parquet or jigsaw.

Fifth step. Installation of roofing material, checking joints. Here after graduation installation work, the box can be hemmed to exclude wind pressure from the side of the wall under the cover structure.

gable broken roof significantly improves the functionality of the attic space. A conventional gable roof creates a dead space with an inclined plane in which one cannot stand in full height.

A gable sloping roof expands the space due to the special design of the kink of the inclined plane. Thus, a full-fledged interior space is obtained, which can be equipped as a bedroom.

According to the drawings, such a roof of the house is built by installing strictly vertical racks and horizontal puffs, and hanging and layered rafters are lined up on the sides of the impromptu rectangle. To provide the structure with the necessary strength, struts are installed from the floor beam to the middle of the layered rafters.

All other work is performed similarly to the scheme described above. The main difficulty in building a gable sloping roof structure is to choose the right cross-section of the beam and install all the elements according to the drawing. In most cases, insulation and vapor barrier are added to the roofing cake. This greatly complicates the installation process. roof truss, but without these elements it makes no sense to make an attic room.

For a private house, it is preferable to choose a pitched roof with a slope of more than 2.5%. The simplest option is a shed roof, but this is used only on utility-type structures. The design of the character is one flat, sloping roof plane that rests on the two side walls of the building.

A gable roof is considered universal, which rests on two outer walls at the same level, and the inclined planes converge in the middle into one ridge knot. The end part of such a roof is called a gable and is usually sealed with the same material from which the load-bearing part of the house is built.

The hip roof is a hipped roof without a gable. On all sides of the building, the roof is reduced from the upper edge of the wall upwards. Such a roof is better than others adapted to perceive wind and snow loads, but it is quite difficult to build. All nodes of the roof frame must be built in compliance with the complex laws of the statics of structures.

A hipped roof looks something like a hip roof, but its main difference is that all four roof planes are strictly triangular in shape. As a result, from the center of the building, the inclined planes diverge in four directions, forming a tent.

broken line or mansard roof is the creation of broken roof planes at an obtuse angle. The result is a rather voluminous attic-type room, which can be used as a residential one.

All types of roofs have their advantages and disadvantages. Some look better, but require significant construction costs, others are easy to build, but also unpresentable in appearance. Roof selection is usually made after determining the snow and wind area. It is important to agree on the type of roof at the design stage.

In fact, the construction of the roof of a frame house is no different from the construction of a roof for other types of buildings. The only point concerns the fixing of the rafter legs on the supporting structures. Here, instead of a Mauerlat, a strapping beam is used.

All other methods are similar. For the convenience of construction, before starting it is necessary to build a raised floor or mount a full-fledged wooden floor. Installing rafters from scaffolds is inconvenient and time consuming.

For a frame house, it is recommended to choose the least massive roof structure, so that it does not create critical pressure on the supporting elements. Do not build on additional elements on the roof, including dormer windows, if they are not provided in advance in the project.

Roof with your own hands. Design

Depending on the roof structure, the amount of materials and the cross section of the support bars should be selected. For a private house, especially a frame type, a gable and gable sloping roof is the most effective. All other designs are quite complex and require a large number retaining elements, which significantly weight the entire roof.

For a frame house, it is better not to use natural ceramic tiles as a coating. In addition to the fact that it is very heavy, for installation you will need to fill the crate thickly. As a result, it will be necessary to additionally strengthen the supporting racks or reduce the step between them, which will lead to an overrun of materials.

The support beam serves to fasten the rafters at the bottom. It is not advisable to rest the rafters on the wall, therefore, an additional beam is used, which perceives the inclined load and transfers it to the supporting structures strictly vertically.

As a support beam, a beam of a sufficiently large section should be used. It must be firmly fixed to the wall. In the case when the roof, together with the supporting beam, simply lies on the wall, the roof can be blown up by the wind. Despite the large weight of the entire roof, it can fly away with heavy gusts of wind.

How to make a roof at home with your own hands? This article was written to answer this question. About insulating materials, and roofing, everyone has known everything for a long time, for this reason, in this article we will focus on how to properly complete the frame under the roof.

Mauerlat for gable roof

Mauerlat is the basis that takes on the bulk of the structural loads. In plain language, the Mauerlat is the foundation on top of which the roof will be built. For the arrangement of the base, beams are used, with a cross section equal to 150 by 150 mm. They are installed in a parallel plane with the roof ridge.

The fastening of the Mauerlat beams must be extremely reliable, this is done so that the roof is not afraid of wind and weather disasters. AT ideal, these actions are carried out even when the walls are being built. To do this, you need to lay the top four rows of bricks with thick wire. This wire is called wire rod, and its location should be with a meter gap.

The middle of the wire should be in a brick wall, and its ends, which hang freely, should be of such a length that it is enough for the subsequent strapping of the timber. In the event that the house project does not provide for plastering, then the installation of the outer edge of the wire must be carried out inside the solution, so it will not be noticeable.

The important point is that the Mauerlat must recede from the edge of the wall by at least 100 mm. To protect the beams from decay, only a few layers are placed under them.

Strengthening the roof frame

When building a roof, a prerequisite is the arrangement of a reliable frame.
A frame is a truss system attached to a Mauerlat. Be sure to take into account that if the length of the beams is more than 4.5 m, then you will additionally have to mount runs.

The optimal section of the beams used to build the roof frame in a brick house is 70 by 150 mm.

The fastening of the rafters on the Mauerlat is carried out using a special cutout, which is fixed with twenty-centimeter nails. Nailing should be done according to this principle:

• The first nail is nailed through the rafter to the Mauerlat in a diagonal plane;
• The second nail is driven in exactly the same way, only from the reverse side;
• The third nail is driven at an angle of 90° from above.

This method of fastening the truss system does not allow it to move from side to side.
The upper ends of the rafters are fastened with an overlap, it is on the other. One beam, with its end should overlap the parallel beam. In the upper part, they are also fastened with nails, although bolts can also be used for this.

On this, the work on arranging the frame can be considered completed, it remains only to lay the roofing cake.

How to make a roof at home with your own hands video tutorial

Requires not only the presence of certain knowledge. Experience is also important. Especially if the question arises: "How to make a gable roof?".

So, in order to build a roof with your own hands, it is necessary to decide on the roofing material at the design stage. It should also be noted that the roof structure itself depends on:

• building dimensions;
• number of storeys of this object;
• internal layout and more.

Roof selection

Before you build a roof, you should decide on its type. Most often for private houses, including wooden buildings, they are mounted gable roofs, also known as forceps. The main advantages of this roof are the following features:

1. ease of installation;
2. relatively low cost;
3. reliability;
4. the possibility of using various roofing materials.

Experts recommend for more complex structures, for example, for a house with an attic, install hip roof. For large houses, a broken cover is better. Flat and shed roofs are the optimal roofing solution for garages, saunas and other auxiliary buildings.

As you know, the choice of roof is carried out taking into account the combination of practicality and beauty of the future roof. Before making a choice in favor of a particular roofing material, as well as before building a roof, the following must be considered:

• the roof should be as light as possible in weight, while not creating an extra load on the walls and foundation of the house;
• the future roof must be strong and reliable;
• simple roof structure.

Roof erection

The process of erecting a roof is a complex and time-consuming procedure that is best left to specialists. Only they know how to build a roof correctly, taking into account all the calculations. If someone decides to build, then it is better to use existing special programs with automatic calculation to carry out calculations.

Roof installation process

The roof installation procedure begins with the construction of the frame. The main elements of this design are rafters in the form of bars. These parts are interconnected by means of a "groove-protrusion" type fixing system. If necessary, it is necessary to additionally strengthen the walls of the house and create a coupler of the bars of the upper row in order to reduce the load on the sides of this building.

In addition, one of the additional ways of fastening the roof are longitudinal struts. After installing the rafters, a waterproofing layer is laid. Then you can proceed to the insulation and installation of roofing material. At this stage, you should start with fixing the crate.

It should be taken into account the fact that the finished roof must have rectangular even slopes. Only right choice and competent installation layers of thermal insulation, vapor barrier and waterproofing will significantly save during the operation of the house on systems such as heating and ventilation. In addition, the roof is a reliable protection of the truss system from various conditions weather, high levels of humidity and dampness.

One of the simplest roof structures is rightfully considered a gable roof, besides, it perfectly protects against snowfalls, heavy rains and sudden gusts of wind. You can make such a gable roof yourself.

Building a gable roof does not require special skills from you, but there are several key points which are worth considering. Recommendations for the materials used are given in the tables below.

So what do you need to know in order to build robust design gable roof yourself? Naturally, you need to start with a support on which the whole structure will rest.

Mauerlat

Mauerlat is wooden beam, most often square in shape, securely mounted on bearing wall. It is he who is the foundation of the roof and the rafters already rely on it.

rafters

For the ridge, it is recommended to choose a timber made of durable wood species, because it connects the structure into a single whole and affects its reliability. In order for water to reduce the harmful effects of precipitation on the walls of the house, the rafters are made longer with the help of additional segments, creating an overhang. This makes it possible to avoid problems such as severe wetting of the walls.

The angle of inclination of a gable roof is recommended to be 30 degrees. Such a slope simultaneously reduces the likelihood of snow on the roof and reliably protects against strong gusts of wind.

Sill

Another way of attaching parts to each other is fixing with metal plates and corners. Its minus lies in the fact that screws under angular loads tend to turn out of the base, thereby depriving the roof structure of reliability and stability.