Roof a house is a structure that is located at the top of a building. It gives the building a beautiful and finished look and protects from the sun's scorching rays, snow and rain.

Every future owner at home when erecting it, he wants the roof to endure all atmospheric hardships well. Therefore, before starting construction, it is necessary to decide which type of roof to give preference to, so that it reliably protects the house.

Winter happens in almost all regions of our country snowy and cold. It is necessary to choose a type of roof that will be excellent resist wind and precipitation. It should also be easy to installation, have good flow and don't leak during heavy rains and snow melt.

What are the shapes of roofs

Roofs are flat and sloping. flat roofs are almost never used in the construction of houses, since service constructs of this form would be problematic: rainwater on it stagnates and snow in winter remove on one's own.

pitched Roofs are practical structures. atmospheric precipitation do not accumulate on their surface, since rainwater and snow are free descend down the slope into the drainage system.

This type of roof is very popular in the construction individual houses and cottages.

Depending on the design frame element pitched roofs have the following forms:

1. lean-to;
2. gable, or forceps;
3. hip;
4. tent;
5. half hip;
6. multi-forceps;
7. attic and others.

The most popular type of protective structures in the construction of residential buildings is considered gable roof. It is easy to create and economic a factor, since during the construction of this structure, trimming and other waste of roofing material are practically absent. Even our ancestors erected gable roofs on houses that served more than one generation of families.

Types of gable roofs

Gable structures are three types:

• symmetrical;
• With different angles the slope of the slopes;
• broken gable(attic).

All these types different from each other not only in form, but also area attic space that can be used as an additional space for storage and other business purposes.

You can also do attic- a room for one of the family members to live. Arrangement roofing in this case will have its own characteristics, since it is necessary

To understand which design to give preference, needs to be considered each type separately.

Symmetrical gable roof

This is the most common version of a gable roof in the construction of individual residential buildings and cottages.

Symmetry helps make loads on walls and Mauerlat uniform.

With this form of construction rafters will not bend, but props can be installed anywhere.

Great for this design as a roof - a reliable and durable material that is well opposes wind and weather conditions.

Gable roof with different angles of inclination of the slopes

If the angle of one slope is made more 45 degrees then under the roof equip additional residential room.

When erecting asymmetric a gable roof must be made correctly on the walls and the base of the house in such a design will be distributed unevenly.

In addition, the angle of inclination depends length slope, which should be considered when choosing roofing coatings. For example, corrugated board is not recommended for use on roofs whose slope length exceeds 12 m

Important! With a slope angle of 45 degrees, the weight of the snow can be ignored, since the snow cover will independently fall off the roof under its own weight.

Broken gable or mansard roof

Thanks to this design, you can make a complete second roof floor with big windows and spacious rooms.

In this case the line fracture roofs must be at least 2.8 m high.

This type of roof is essential is different from the usual symmetrical or an asymmetrical roof, and not just visually.

As roofing coatings are used and other materials.

Note! Calculations when creating such a roof will be complex, so it is better to turn to specialists who can calculate the location of the rafters and other elements of this structure.

• valleys;
• gables;
• ribs;
• forceps.

Another combination of this type of design - half hip roof. It is not only beautiful, but also practical solution, through which you can get spacious attic and durable roof.

Rafter system options

The truss system is the foundation any roof. It will carry all the loads, so you need to do the right calculations before starting work.

First of all, the slopes of the future roof.

are taken into account the weight roofs, decking, snowy and wind loads.

May be different types, which differ location retaining elements, as well as fasteners.

hanging rafters

This type of rafter system is used when it is necessary to make light roof structure.

This may be necessary if the house does not have capital partitions, and the rafters will rely only on lateral walls.

The distance between the walls should be at least 6 meters and no more 14 meters.

Hanging rafters give big wall load. To reduce it, various connecting elements horizontally and diagonally. With their help, rafters fasten together between themselves. To such connecting elements can be attributed:

• puffs;
• struts;
• grandmother;
• bolt.

Rafters

A layered truss system is used when there is capital walls.

The installation of such rafters is much easier compared to the previous version.

The main supporting structure point will be skating run.

Before start installation of the truss system must be laid on the walls waterproofing and install Mauerlat.

Gable roof structure

When building a gable roof, you must first lay the beams overlap. The material for the beams is chosen taking into account further use attic.

If it is planned to make a room for economic needs, then use ordinary boards.

For device attic rooms will be needed thick timber, which will rest on the bearing walls.

The beams are fastened together with nails.

The truss system is a load-bearing element of the roof in the form frame, which is attached to the ceiling. Mounting rafters must be literate, because it depends reliability the whole structure.

• Mauerlat - this is the "foundation" of the roof, and is often installed along the entire length of the supporting structure.
• Skate run fastened to the bearing racks in a strictly horizontal position. This important load-bearing element will have to support the weight of not only the roof, but also the snow that can accumulate on the roof in winter.
• crate it is made from a bar measuring 40 x 40 or 50 x 50. The elements of the crate are fastened together with nails.
• Installation runs and rafters requires careful calculations, because errors in this case are unacceptable.

crate and, accordingly, roof will hold up well and serve for a long time only if mounting of all systems is made clearly and correctly.

Advice: Do not save on material for rafters. They should be made of even boards of rectangular section, without cracks, mold and other signs of damage.

Benefits of a gable roof

To virtues this type of roof can be attributed:

• Practicality. If the attic space is enough spacious then in it you can arrange an attic or a full-fledged attic for household items.
• Air conditioning can also be installed in the attic or in the attic.
• rain water and snow will perfectly descend from the inclined plane of this type of roof.
• Original appearance. During construction, you can choose a scheme for erecting a roof with both the same and different angles of inclination.
• erection gable design does not require the use of complex technological solutions.
• Doesn't require a lot of money costs during the repair works.
• Even inexperienced House master will be able to do the construction of such a roof with his own hands.
• This type of design fits the style of any shape. grounds.
• The embodiment of any design ideas in design design: convex or concave slopes, various decorative elements, original towers, arches.

Gable roof, handmade is a great choice for the person who wants to build durable and practical home. Indeed, such a structure has many benefits and there are absolutely no flaws.

For the construction of a gable roof, the installation of a mauerlat and the fastening of beams, see video:

Building your own home is no easy task. Difficulties do not begin when arranging the walls and not even when laying the foundation - the hardest thing to pick up optimal view structures, to design the building so that it is both functional and visually attractive enough.

One of the most visible elements of the building is the roof, so its design must be thought out in advance and in all details. When choosing a roof type, most developers forget about the existence of gable structures with asymmetrical slopes. This article will consider a gable roof with different slopes and its features.

Prerequisites for the appearance of asymmetric roofs

Throughout the existence of mankind, architecture has undergone significant changes. A huge number of the most diverse designs were invented, built and redone - and over and over again there were new, more and more sophisticated architectural solutions and ideas that were implemented as far as possible, sometimes becoming unintentional masterpieces.

All this fully applies to roof structures. The roof of residential buildings has changed incredibly over the past millennia, having gone through a lot of historical eras and geographical features. AT different times this element of the building was used both for solving purely practical problems and for demonstrating the degree of freedom of flight of creative thought.

Over time, the fashion for sophisticated solutions began to pass - perhaps precisely because creative thought began to go against common sense and functional purpose roofs. The acquired knowledge and interesting developments have not gone anywhere, they just began to be used more rationally and wisely.

As for gable roofs, one of the solutions that proved to be quite profitable was the following:

• One of the roof slopes was located on the south side;
• The opposite slope was located at a different angle or increased in length;
• The loads on the roof were carefully calculated, as well as the internal areas of the building.

The introduction of such changes in the classical design of the roof made it possible to increase its efficiency and give it original look. An important factor is the ability to more competently distribute free inner space in a buiding.

The development of gable roofs with different slopes

A roof with different lengths of slopes is far from a new invention. Of course, the exact dates and periods are unknown, but it can be assumed that the very first roofing options were already asymmetric - if only because the builders of those times simply did not have the knowledge and ability to make the structure even.

For measurements, a long stalk with a cord tied to its ends and a plumb bob was used. Rogatin was installed vertically so that the plumb line marked the center of the end wall of the future building. The edges of the cord stretched to the corners of the building. After determining the overhang, a board was nailed to the wall. As a result, a completely understandable design was obtained, displaying the boundaries of the future roofing structure.

There were no particular difficulties with the first slope, but the arrangement of the second one was associated with a number of problems. If they used to build a house round logs(and so often it was), then leveling the walls at the same level was an almost insurmountable task, and attempts to make an even structure because of this also turned out to be unsuccessful.

For the accuracy of measurements, a water level was required - it made it possible to level the roof so that the ridge was located in the center, and the slopes were uniform. Architects and professional urban builders had access to good tools, but in villages and villages they had to build houses without accurate measurements, so the roof often turned out to be asymmetrical.

However, unintentional asymmetry cannot be called a deliberate and time-tested development - it was achieved by chance and some characteristic features Did not have. It is quite another matter - the conscious creations of experienced architects, who singled out the pitched roof as a separate architectural view. Most often, such structures were used in the arrangement of the houses of the rich and were necessary to demonstrate the wealth of their owners.

There were many methods for arranging roofs with different slopes. A common phenomenon was structures consisting of several separate buildings with own roofs. The slopes could turn in a variety of directions and differ in all respects. Of course, these designs were not similar to modern gable asymmetrical roofs, but some similarities simply cannot be overlooked.

Advantages and disadvantages of pitched roofs

The gable asymmetric roof has a lot of characteristic features. Of course, first of all, it is worth considering the visual characteristics - they are the most noticeable, and even from them you can understand whether such a roof should be used in own house. A building with an asymmetric roof against the background of classic gable structures will stand out brightly, so it remains only to decide on a simple question - do you like or dislike this design.

The next aspect, which is not so noticeable at first glance, but is closely related to the unique look of pitched roofs, is the ability to use the internal space of the building to the maximum. The traditional gable roof is not so convenient in this regard, since it creates a certain framework, beyond which it is not possible to go beyond.

A gable roof with short and long slopes allows you to combine the building with any extensions and combine them under one roof. If desired, under a pitched roof, you can install not only a residential building, but also a garage, a gazebo or a veranda. The most important thing is to depict the future design on paper in advance and correctly design all its elements.

As a rule, a gable roof with different slope angles is installed if the second floor of the building should have a smaller area than the first. Apart from more rational use area, this design allows you to unload the foundation and is great for mounting various equipment (for example, solar panels).

The next positive quality of asymmetric roofs is the ability to withstand various natural phenomena. If in the area where the construction of the building takes place, the wind is constantly blowing in one direction, then a gentle slope should be placed on the windy side, and on the opposite side there may well be a steep slope. In addition to wind resistance, this design is also well suited for snowy regions.

Another significant plus in the treasury of the advantages of multi-pitched roofs is that they are great for arranging a residential attic. The standard gable design lacks some advantages, in particular, the attic in it often does not look very comfortable. Of course, there are many ways to use such a space more fully, at least visually, but in most cases these are just half measures.

A roof with different angles of inclination makes it possible to expand the usable area of ​​the second floor without additional add-ons. The increase in area will not be actual, but visual - but it will be possible to use the vacated space more rationally than under two traditional slopes.

If we collect all the pros and cons of a gable roof with different slopes, we can come to the following conclusions:

• The asymmetric roof has unique visual characteristics, allows you to implement various design solutions and more efficiently use the available space;
• The main problem is the complexity of arranging a roof with different slopes.

If the difficulties that will inevitably arise at the stage of designing and installing an asymmetric roof are not terrible, then such a design will become great solution and give the building a very interesting look.

Types of pitched roofs with short and long slopes

All designs of pitched roofs can be divided into several main categories:

1. Asymmetrical roofs. In this design, the slopes converge to the ridge and are located at the same slope. Asymmetry is achieved due to the fact that one slope has an increased length. The increase may not be very large - the roof will still look unusual, even if the elongated slope is not striking.
2. Partially broken roofs. The main difference between this type of roof and traditional gable solutions is that one slope has a broken shape, which allows you to cover the extension. The design of a pitched roof requires the same calculation as for any pitched roof.
3. Asymmetric roofs. This type of construction is considered to be the most original. The asymmetric roof is the best solution, allowing you to make the attic extremely comfortable, bright and spacious. Design feature such a scheme consists in changing the length and slope of one of the slopes.
4. Asymmetric off-center roofs. At first glance, such a roof does not differ from a standard gable roof, but upon closer examination, there is still a difference - the ridge line of the roof in this case is shifted relative to the center. This displacement naturally leads to a change in the length of the slope and the angle of inclination of the structure. Such roofs are very convenient to use, but their design and installation require maximum effort.

Standard designs of gable roofs with different angles of inclination

Building a roof with different slopes can have a lot of minor nuances, but there will be few basic parameters. For example, slopes in an asymmetric roof can have the same length, but be located at different angles, or vice versa - slopes installed at the same angle will have different lengths.

There are several standard design options that are worth considering in a little more detail:

1. The same length of slopes, different angle of inclination. One of the slopes in this design is located at a large angle. Such a roof allows, on the one hand, to equip nice terrace, and place utility rooms under a lower slope. It would be unprofitable to make the entire roof sloping - in this case, too much snow will accumulate on it. This version of the asymmetric roof is quite simple and does not require much effort - in particular, there is no need to strengthen the foundation. True, there is still one drawback - you will have to thoroughly tinker with the design. A roof with the same slope of the slopes is much easier to design.
2. The same angle of inclination, different lengths of slopes. This design option is the exact opposite of the previous one. Increasing the length of one slope allows you to cover all the extensions located near the house, such as verandas and gazebos. In this case, there are no special requirements for the foundation either, because part of the load from the roof will fall on the extension. However, in the absence of extensions or other construction nuances, it is possible to increase the length of the slope located above the main building. In general, even such simple circuit has a lot of variability.
3. Different lengths and shapes of slopes. To optimize the loads on the truss system of the house, a pitched roof with different lengths and shapes of slopes is often used. The main feature of this design is the presence of a break, due to which part of the loads is eliminated. True, new loads arise at the fracture site, and they have to be compensated with additional struts - but this is quite a reasonable price to pay for balancing the forces acting on the roof.
4. Custom designs. Pitched roofs by default give the maximum degree of freedom in arrangement, so there is nothing surprising in the appearance of very interesting structures. For example, there is a scheme in which all efforts are directed to creating an interesting second floor. If you cut the corners of the building, you can reduce the degree of pressure on the foundation, and therefore save on construction.
5. Roof with offset ridge. It is most difficult to work with such structures, but with the correct implementation of all stages of arrangement, you will get perhaps the most interesting roof. The main difficulty lies in the accurate calculation of the loads on the truss system, especially when it comes to wooden houses- they sit down for some time, so you need to prevent the roof from skewing.

There are other drawings of a gable roof with different slopes, but the designs described above are most common.

Installation of a gable roof with different slopes

The device of an asymmetric roof, as can be concluded from all that has been said above, cannot be called simple. Even the most primitive roofs with different slopes are more difficult to arrange than traditional gable structures. If we talk about roofs with a displaced center, then the complexity of design and installation immediately increases by an order of magnitude. The main load in asymmetric roofs is not concentrated on the ridge, so the classic vertical supports in this case do not make sense.

However, the calculation process and the perception of such complex design can be simplified - it is enough to present the roof not in the form of an asymmetric scheme, but in the form of two triangles with different sides and angles. Of course, both triangles will be in complex interaction, so it’s impossible to simply calculate them separately from each other - but such a consideration of the roof structure greatly simplifies the process of arranging it.

One of the most important structural elements that allows you to fully equip an asymmetric roof is the Mauerlat, which takes on the entire load from the roof. Proper calculation and installation of the Mauerlat is already half the battle when it comes to a multi-pitched structure.

Calculation of a roof with different slopes

In order for the roof structure to be of high quality and reliable, it must be correctly calculated. For calculations, it is best to use the appropriate programs that will allow you to accurately calculate the loads on the Mauerlat and determine the location of the necessary supports. Self-calculation of these parameters is possible, but in this case the process will be too complicated - and arranging a roof with different slopes is already not simple.

If we describe the calculation of a roof with different slopes with several theses, then it will all look like this:

• The slope, which is long, has the greatest impact on the truss system and the wall of the house under it;
• To compensate for the loads from a long slope, it is worth installing one or more additional props;
• If the building is made of durable materials and installed on a sufficiently powerful foundation, then you can do without additional elements.

We can say this about the process of manually calculating an asymmetric roof - in the end it will come down to determining the parameters of two shed roofs, which are reduced to a single ridge. Considering the factors described above, it is possible to design the structure quite accurately.

Distribution of loads on slopes

The design schemes described above are just the most popular types of roofs. There are many other, more sophisticated and complex forms, the implementation of which is available only to professional builders. However, you can always try, but the efficiency of the entire building will be at stake - the main purpose of arranging the roof is still to protect it from precipitation and frost.

In order for the roof structure to be reliable, a number of calculations are performed aimed at evenly distributing loads along the slopes. The roof must fully rest on all the walls of the building, otherwise wind and snow loads will lead to distortions or even complete destruction of the roof structure.

In the domestic space, pitched roofs have not yet gained sufficient popularity, so it is difficult to unequivocally say something about their effectiveness and durability. Judging by the experience of foreign builders, asymmetric roofs are quite comparable with conventional gable structures, but only if the slopes, the rafter system and the loads on the building frame are correctly calculated.

And last moment- in the absence of confidence that a gable roof with different slopes will turn out to be of high quality, it is better to refuse its arrangement. Still self-assembly such structures is quite complex and requires relevant experience. Most professional builders with such experience simply refuse to work with asymmetric roofs, citing the difficulties that arise when installing such structures.

Conclusion

The gable roof with different slopes, despite its long history, not only has not become outdated, but has become very modern solution. A properly calculated and equipped roof can last as long as more traditional counterparts, while demonstrating increased efficiency in terms of heat retention and rational use of free space.

Gable roof - the most standard version. It is with her that even small children draw a house, and it is she who first comes to mind. And this makes sense: this roof is simple in its design, at the same time adapted to a variety of climatic conditions and has sufficient stability, which mankind has experienced for more than one century. But in practice, ideal gable roofs are not so common - more often just with unequal slope angles, different lengths eaves overhangs and unusual design.

There are usually two reasons for such an “anomaly”: either the landlords tried to express a certain architectural feature at home, or certain operational requirements have led to this. Or different types and gable roof options actually carry a lot of bonuses in the form of additional comfort, style and functionality! Let's figure it out?

In fact, a gable roof is two slopes that are fastened at a certain angle. But under which ones, whether they are the same, and whether the slopes themselves are solid, and depends on what kind of roof you are going to build:

• Traditional symmetrical.
• Asymmetrical, with different slope angles.
• Broken, with refraction of slopes in the middle.
• A gable roof with a ridge not in the center of the building.

And their interesting combinations.

Time-tested classic: from 30° to 60°

Of course, the most popular today and yesterday is the symmetrical gable roof. The simplest in construction and in miscalculations, with an ergonomic classic design, which is based on an isosceles triangle. An acute angle well removes any atmospheric precipitation, snow does not accumulate, and any roofing material can be used.

The classic symmetrical gable roof is also called a gable roof. In fact, these are two inclined planes-slopes rectangular shape, which are installed at the right angle to the walls of the building. And the functional features of such a roof depend on the corner itself.

A gable roof, depending on the angles of the slopes, can be of the following types:

• Classic with 45° angle. The most common option for houses up to 8 m wide.
• Sloping, with an angle of less than 45°. It is more common on small houses in particularly windy regions.
• Pointed with an angle of inclination of 60 °. This is the most expensive construction option, but justified when neighbors' roofs break from tons of snow.
• Polyline with slopes of different angles: 30° and 60°.

The angle of inclination of such a roof is calculated based on the climatic features of the area. For example, steep pitched roofs are usually built in regions with particularly snowy winters, and flat pitched roofs in windy regions. Where it rains more often than the sun, and there is a lot of snow in winter, this angle should be at least 60 °.

It is clear that the steeper the slopes, the easier it is to throw snow off them and prevent rainwater from lingering on the surface for too long. But such a roof can be torn off by the wind, which is fraught with considerable losses and problems. Therefore, if your area is more windy than snowy (and the wind usually blows snow off the roofs), then the slopes should be made gentle. That's the whole difference between these subspecies of the classic gable roof: gentle and steep.

Slopes of different lengths: for additional outbuildings

Yes, this roof looks unusual. But this design has a huge advantage in that for the same gazebo, garage or pool, it is no longer necessary to build a separate roof or canopy. This is a considerable savings, you see, and also an attractive and memorable design.

The essence of this type of roof is that it has one slope noticeably longer than the other.

Moreover, in terms of construction, there is nothing complicated here:

Sloping roof: everything for the comfort of the attic

Again this type (even a subspecies) of a gable roof lies a rectangle, above it is a triangle and two more triangles on the sides. The ceiling in the attic is high, the windows can be placed vertically, and in general the space looks cozy and as close as possible to an ordinary living room. Yes, the geometry is still a little unusual, but that's more of a plus. But now, on one side of the attic, you can safely attach a balcony.

A broken gable roof is built when they are going to equip a residential attic under it in the future. After all, to make the room cozy and warm, the usual gable roof is not enough because of such disadvantages:

• On slopes it is quite difficult to make high-quality skylights. These are difficult to open, they leak during the rain and visually lose a lot to vertical ones.
• On such slopes, almost no extensions in the form of a balcony and other additional elements can be made.
• Inclined walls in the interior, no matter how designers beat them, do not look very comfortable. And some people are also psychologically pressured.
• Sharp corners indoors are not really a bonus, but a problem, and they are quite difficult to beat comfortably.
• It is more difficult to insulate such a roof than a broken one.

That's why the breaks on each slope are so important: the angle changes, and the interior space of the attic turns out to be more comfortable and spacious.

As you can see for yourself, it couldn't be easier:

Or these broken ones:

Asymmetric roof: design and practicality

At the base of the asymmetric roof, the refraction of which is not in the center, there is already an arbitrary triangle at the base. It just has different angles, and therefore different sides. As a result, one roof slope is already larger in area than the other, and the load on it will also be different. Therefore, an asymmetric roof is more difficult to calculate: the loads on both slopes are not the same, and there will be few identical elements in the rafter system. Somewhere something will have to be made thicker, something strengthened, and something to save on.

The unusual “broken” interior space of such an attic turns out to be quite cozy, and, as it were, the cut walls are hidden behind built-in wardrobes. Yes, and psychological for any person to live in such an attic is much more comfortable: sharp pitched walls do not crush.

The big advantage of this version of the gable roof is that now the windows in the attic will not be inclined, but vertical, and it is already more difficult for water to get into the interior. Moreover, in such premises it is even possible to attach a full-fledged balcony!

So why such a hassle? Why such complex calculations, if the classics never go out of fashion? Such roofs, with asymmetrical elements and shapes, are usually not only a whim of architects and designers, but also a great opportunity make the living space under the roof more comfortable and spacious.

The asymmetric roof itself really looks stylish, and can make any dull gray house interesting. Moreover, with the help of modern computer programs, you can easily draw up a detailed project of a gable roof of various variations:

“Pretentiousness” of gable roof truss systems

Here we have selected the most popular ones for you. unusual species gable roofs:

Building such unusual gable roofs is not difficult: they contain all the same principles, just the rafters are connected in a different way. The only thing that needs to be done is to carefully calculate in advance the future loads of the roof and how much such rafters are ready to withstand them. And all the time and effort spent on building unusual roof will definitely pay off interesting design, spacious and comfortable attic and other functional bonuses.

With and without an attic: we change trash for valuable meters

In fact, what is stored in the attics of ordinary private houses? Of course, rubbish! And all over the world it has long become fashionable to abandon such a part of the roof in favor of a cozy attic or a real second floor, only with slightly sloping walls. And the attic itself, in its more correct concept as a space for under-roof ventilation, remains, however, under the very covering.

But all this applies only to residential buildings. But for a real Russian bathhouse, it is extremely important to create an air gap between the ceiling hot from steam and the top roofing. Otherwise, the snow in winter on such a roof will constantly be heated, and then freeze and hang down with icicles. And therefore there should be an attic in such buildings!

Why is it important to decide ahead of time? The point is the supports and stability of the truss system:

• Single-level mansard roofs are the simplest in terms of device. They are usually not considered part of the design of the house due to their lightness and simplicity. But at the same time, no one will bother you to make two attic rooms at once and even raise one of them to the podium.
• Two-level mansard roofs are already built as part of the house, the same as the second floor. The weight and load on the foundation is accurately calculated.

Of the advantages of a two-level roof - vertical walls, twice as much living space, unusual stylish architecture. And with all this, it is still not a full-fledged second floor, and therefore the costs are not at all the same.

Have you chosen your favorite option? Then start building, and our site will definitely help you with this!

A gable roof is a roofing structure that is most often used in private housing construction. It is not only easy to build, it is reliable, it will be inexpensive if you correctly calculate the number of elements .. The article discusses what elements this type of roofing consists of, and how you can assemble it yourself. You will learn about the basics of calculations, rules and assembly steps, which will allow you to talk on the same wavelength with the contractors of the construction company.

Online roof calculator

To find out the approximate cost of a gable roof, use the following calculator:

What elements does the roof consist of in two slopes

From the name itself, it becomes clear that such roofs have only two slopes, which can be the same or different in area. The former are called symmetrical, the latter asymmetrical.

Not all gable roofs consist of the same elements. But there are among them the main ones that are present in all designs.

Mauerlat- a beam of 100x100 mm (minimum cross section), on which the rafter system rests. The main purpose is to evenly distribute the load acting from the side of the roof structure on the walls of the building. They attach the Mauerlat to the walls (there are several options).

rafters, otherwise they are called rafter legs. These are boards (rarely beams) with minimum thickness 50 mm, located with a slope to the walls. They form slopes. The lower end they are attached to the Mauerlat, the upper end to the ridge beam or to each other.

Skate bar it is not always used, but only when the roof is covered with layered rafters. More on this below. Its purpose is to support the rafter legs.

Rafters attached to the Mauerlat Source krysha-expert.ru

Additional wooden elements, which are not used on all gable structures.

Skate support. They are installed only if there is one in the roof structure.

Rafter racks. They are used if the width of the building is more than 12 m. The longer the rafters, the lower their bearing capacity.

Run, he's a beam laid on racks across the rafter legs. The rafters rest on it, and not on the supports.

Sill- a beam located parallel to the run, only in the lower part. Rafter racks are mounted on it.

Puffs. These are bars, pull together paired racks (between themselves).

Varieties of truss systems

There are two of them: hanging and layered. The first variety, in which the upper ends of the rafters rest against each other, are fastened together. To increase the strength of the connection and the reliability of the structure, a puff is often installed between them.

The second variety is legs resting on a skate. They can also be tightened if the goal is to increase the bearing capacity of the entire system.

Attention! The functions of tightening for a hanging variety can be performed by a floor beam, on which the legs rest.

Hanging and layered rafters Source kayabaparts.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the service of calculation, installation and repair of roofing. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Rules for assembling a gable roof

The gable roof is assembled in different ways. Dependence - type of truss system. Let's deal with each separately.

Assembly of hanging rafters

There is a strict sequence of operations:

Produce mounting mauerlat on walls. It is attached to them with the help of studs, which are installed in a poured reinforcing belt. The upper end of the stud is a threaded part onto which a nut with a wide washer is screwed. It is with them that the Mauerlat is pressed against the wall.

Produce ridge beam installation. To do this, along the roof structure right in the middle (if a symmetrical roof is being built), support posts made of timber or boards are installed. They are attached to the bed or to the floor beams with special metal corners for self-tapping screws. Additionally, supports and braces are installed to withstand the verticality of the racks.

For the last ridge beam is laid, which is fixed to the racks with the same metal profiles(corners, plates, etc.). The main task of the work foreman is to set the ridge run in a horizontal plane.

Rafters are installed in pairs, forming triangles of the roofing system.

hanging rafters Source kayabaparts.ru

If there is a need, then rafter legs established additional racks. They are attached either directly to each other, or laid on top of the racks, a run across the legs.

over the truss system crate is installed from wooden blocks or boards.

Over the crate stuffed roofing material.

Assembly of layered

Layered truss system gable roof frame house, and not only frame, is assembled not on the roof, but on the ground. The thing is that it is difficult to fit the elements together when they do not have support at one end. To do this, it will be necessary to construct an additional temporary support structure. This is a waste of time, effort and money that no one needs.

Therefore, paired rafters, they are also called farms when assembled, are assembled in the plane of the earth. Since the truss structure is a triangle, in a symmetrical roof it is also isosceles, it will not be difficult to assemble it. The main task of the work foreman is to comply with the dimensional parameters of the truss elements. Because it will be more difficult to adjust roof trusses if there are sufficiently large dimensional errors between them.

Raise the rafter assembly to the roof crane or other device.

Installation of layered rafters Source pallazzo.su

First install two end trusses along the gables of the house, put them together in height and fix them to the floor beams with supports and jibs (temporary).

A thread is pulled between the upper points of two trusses, along which the rest of the rafter triangles are mounted.

The rest, as in the case of hanging rafter legs: crate and roofing material are stuffed.

Video description

The process of erecting a gable roof in the video:

Calculation of rafter legs

An important preparatory measure, on which the bearing capacity of the system as a whole depends. It is impossible to independently carry out the calculation if you do not understand this. Therefore, people use online calculators or tables. The calculation manipulations are based on the section of bars (in mm) or boards, depending on the length of the legs and the installation step.

The dependence is as follows: the longer the legs and the greater the distance between them, the larger the section of the beams should be. For example:

installation step 2.15 m, the length of the rafter is 3 m; for this, a bar with a section of 100x150 mm is used;

step 1.4, length 3, section 75x125 mm;

step 2.15, length 5 m, section 100x250;

step 0.9, length 5.5, section 50x200 mm.

For each position there is a parameter of the used bars. The tables are freely available.

Rafter legs distribution scheme Source chaos-heart.ru

Slope slope

Determining the slope of a gable roof structure is not easy. Consider the type of roofing. The dependency is like this:

if asbestos-cement slate is used, then the angle should be not less than 22°, decrease given parameter will lead to leaks at the joints of adjacent sheets;

metal tile - 14° angle;

corrugated board - 12°;

shingles- corner must not exceed 15°, otherwise there is a possibility of slipping of the coating from the crate;

rolled material (roofing material, roofing felt and others) - slope within 3-25°.

But there is one nuance here. The steeper the roof, the less stress acts on its slopes, because rainwater and snow quickly leave the surfaces. But at the same time, the windage of the structure increases. That is, wind loads increase. At the same time, high roofs mean an increase in the cost of building materials, which increase the cost of construction.

The angle of the roof slopes Source arhplan.ru

Pitched roofs

A gable roof with different slopes is quite common today. It cannot be said that they are better than symmetrical ones, but the originality of the design made them popular. We add that such roofs are more complex than traditional ones with the same slopes.

These roofs are divided into three kinds:

Asymmetrical. They have a ridge run located in the middle of the house. The slopes are located to each other at the same angle of inclination. But one of them is always longer than the other.

Asymmetrical. The slopes can be the same or different in length, but the angle of inclination of both is different.

Asymmetrical offset. The same as the previous version, only the ridge run is offset relative to the middle of the house to one side.

Asymmetric gable roof with offset ridge run Source pinterest.ca

Rules for the construction of asymmetric gable roofs

A gable roof with different slopes is a difficult construction. The whole difficulty lies in the fact that the displacement of the ridge beam relative to the middle of the building creates completely different loads. They are no longer distributed along the ridge. Their main pressure (central) falls on a long, gentler slope. That is why at the design and calculation stage it is necessary to accurately determine the installation location of additional racks. They are installed under the rafter legs of a long gentle slope.

At the same time, they do not carry out the installation of the entire truss system by eye. Even the smallest deviation from the project can lead to irreparable consequences. Making changes to the design will be difficult, and sometimes simply impossible.

Asymmetric roof truss Source builtec.info

And one moment. An asymmetric roof (gable) requires the construction of a very strong Mauerlat, with which uneven loads will have to be redistributed. Special attention fastening the Mauerlat to the walls of the house.

As for the construction of a roof with different slopes, the technology itself is no different from the traditional one. The main thing is to strictly adhere to the requirements outlined above. Typically, such structures are assembled from layered rafter legs with the installation of a ridge beam. Therefore, the main task of the work foreman is to accurately set the skate horizontally on the site strictly according to the project. Be sure to accurately maintain the dimensions of the rafters, mainly in terms of length.

Multi-level roofs

Another type of roof with two slopes. To understand what we are talking about, look at the photo below.

Multi-level gable roofs Source moscow.sk-evrodom.ru

In its configuration, the roof is gable, covering the entire house. But individually, each slope is a single-slope structure. Usually between them is built bearing wall, on which both slopes rely.

But at the same time, the larger slope rests on the upper end of the wall, where the ridge beam or Mauerlat beam is installed, and the smaller one on its vertical plane, where the carrier beam is usually fixed. The construction of such roofs is carried out according to the technology of a shed structure.

Gable roofs with broken slopes

These structures are mainly used in houses where an attic is planned. Organizing a room under traditional slopes is problematic. The reason is the presence of "dead" zones at the junction of the rafter system and the wall of the house. To remove these zones, it is necessary to make part of the slope steeper in terms of inclination relative to the vertical.

In cross section, the roof will not be triangular, but pentagonal. It is not easy to assemble it, there are too many elements located at different angles. But she has serious benefits before everyone else:

withstands well snow loads;

resists well wind pressure.

Minus one - high consumption building materials. But the gain is clear - an additional living room for a small cash outlay.

Broken mansard roof Source nkkconsult.ru

erection mansard roof- this is the installation of racks on which the beds are laid and the lower ends of the truss system rest. At the top, the ends of the rafters are connected on the ridge. The steep lower rafter legs rest against the Mauerlat from below, and from above to the beds. It turns out quite stable and durable construction.

Video description

In this video about the mansard roof device:

Generalization on the topic

A variety of roofs with two slopes makes it possible to choose the option that will fit into the architecture of the house being built. The effectiveness of the structure is just the visible part. The design is based on the exact calculation of the elements and the loads on them. But, as practice shows, most of the roofs in the category of private housing construction are gable.

Looking for original and unusual project country house, which would at the same time be functional and practical? Gable roof with different slopes - suitable option. The unusual design is characterized by attractive appearance, high thermal insulation and rational layout. You can make a similar roof by placing one slope to the south, and the second - at a different angle or longer towards the north.

Specificity and types of gable roof

A gable roof is a traditional and affordable type of roofing. In this case, two inclined planes intersect at the ridge, which is parallel to the long side of the building. Despite other more modern and complex types of roofing, the gable form remains in demand today. After all, this design performs protective functions. Snow easily rolls off such a roof and rainwater flows down without accumulating in separate areas.

Depending on the angle of inclination, a gable roof can be of the following types:

• The symmetrical classic design is based on an isosceles triangle and an angle of inclination of 45 degrees. It can withstand snow and rain loads without problems, but is not suitable for arranging an attic;
• Sloping roofs are suitable for rational use of space in the attic. In this design, the slopes are gentle in the upper part, and have a sharp slope in the lower part. A sloping roof requires a more complex truss system;
• The asymmetric design also allows you to equip the attic, but there is much less space for this. At the same time, the roof looks original and unusual;
• An asymmetric roof is characterized by the same design as the classic symmetrical one, but at the same time the ridge is shifted to the side, and not located in the center. The multi-level design will allow you to use the roof as a canopy for a terrace or veranda.

The angle of inclination of a gable roof varies between 11-45 degrees, but it can be more. The drier and warmer the climate, the flatter the roof should be. The gently sloping design is recommended for regions with regular strong winds, because with a strong slope, the wind pressure rises five times. And for areas with abundant rainfall, it is better to make a larger slope. Then snow and rainwater will not accumulate on the roof, the snow load will decrease.

Calculation example

Benefits of a pitched roof

• The device of at least one slope at an angle of over 45 degrees significantly increases the usable area in the attic. As a result, you can equip the attic;
• The interior space under the pitched roof has almost straight and even walls, which allows you to equip a comfortable and cozy living room on the attic floor;
• Unique Beautiful design, which will favorably distinguish the house from the background of other buildings, will cause surprise and admiration;
• Under such a roof, it is convenient to place an attached terrace, garage or veranda on the same foundation and under one roof. This reduces construction costs and time;
• There is less pressure on the foundation. In addition, the base does not need to be made too wide. What foundation to choose for wooden house, see ;
• On an asymmetric roof, you can install solar panels and other similar devices;
• High performance, strength and durability. The roof easily withstands the loads of snow and strong winds.

The best projects of houses with a pitched roof

The MariSrub company offers individual and standard projects of wooden houses with a gable asymmetric, asymmetrical or sloping roofs. The architect of the company will select the most appropriate angle of inclination, the shape and material of the roof, so that the house becomes functional and looks harmonious. The specialist will do necessary calculations taking into account the climate of the region and the design of the building. Under the roof will equip attic rooms and comfortable living rooms. We offer popular projects with a pitched roof.

Baikal is a cottage with an attic, a balcony and a terrace. it suitable solution for people who value comfort and functionality. On an area of ​​123 square meters there is a spacious kitchen-living room, three bedrooms and two bathrooms. In addition, the project includes a pantry and a separate boiler room.

The protruding part of the pitched roof completely covers a small terrace and a neat balcony. The balcony gives the building grace and originality. It will increase the area and can be used as a place to relax. In addition, it is convenient to store and dry things on the balcony. And on the veranda it is comfortable to relax.

Olimp is a spacious cottage with a pitched roof. This house is suitable for big family and for those who like to receive guests. It includes three bedrooms, a kitchen and a living room, a spacious office and two bathrooms. A feature of this project is a huge corner terrace with an area of ​​over 30 square meters, a compact cozy balcony and a large loggia. The pitched roof covers both the terrace and the balconies, looks impressive and unusual.

Forest Tale 3 is a popular project among MariSrub customers, which has undergone several changes. This option differs from the previous ones by the presence of a second light and the absence of a ceiling in the living room between the second and first floors. This makes the interior airy and light. There is a lot of light in the house. The building is distinguished by an elegant and bright appearance, which is achieved through the original gable roof and a bay window between the terrace and the main part of the house.

The bay window is a multifaceted ledge with windows in the wall of the building. Protruding beyond the boundaries of the facade, it increases the interior space and lighting inside the cottage. Under the pitched roof is the main part of the house and a cozy square terrace. Cottage with an area of ​​132 square meters contains a living room and a kitchen-dining room, three bedrooms and two bathrooms. The main entrance to the house goes through the terrace, and there is another entrance from the back facade of the building.

Clover - a house with an area of ​​130 square meters includes a kitchen-dining room and living room, three bedrooms and a bathroom, a cozy terrace. Despite the rather large area, the structure does not look bulky. The specificity of the project was an elegant multi-pitched roof and a dormer window. Such a window makes the cottage original and performs a number of useful functions. It is used for ventilation. attic room and become an additional source of light.

Choose the option you like on the site http://marisrub.ru/proekts, and the architect will make changes to the project according to the wishes of the client and the features land plot. We will design any plan! The house may include a wardrobe, an office, bedrooms, a swimming pool, and other spaces. If you do not like any of the finished projects, we offer individual design.

We create a project for free when ordering turnkey construction! We provide a full range of services in the field of construction and decoration of a country house. We assemble and install a log house, carry out and connect engineering networks. Choosing the right type of roof and foundation, necessary materials and do the installation. We independently produce lumber for the project! Own production is a guarantee of the quality of lumber and low prices for construction, because we work without intermediaries.