Why an ejector in a pumping station. Pumping station with ejector facilitates the lifting of life-giving moisture from great depths

In those places where it is not possible to connect to a centralized water supply system, an ejector pump is used. The main purpose of such units is to raise water from wells of different depths, from wells and other recesses and create healthy competition for all borehole pumps that are already familiar to all, which operate using the immersion method. Such powerful devices can lift water from a recess to a height of more than 8 meters from depths reaching 50 meters.

many owners land plots could face such a problem as a deep aquifer. But, as you know, you absolutely cannot do without water, so people find a solution to such a problem by installing an ejector pump on their site.

Unfortunately, surface equipment using pumps does not always bring positive results, and cannot always provide water. Sometimes water is completely absent, and sometimes it enters the system, but very slowly and without pressure. It is in such cases that it is best to use an ejector pumping station for water supply.

Varieties of ejector pumps and their application features

The injection pump can be represented by several varieties:

The principle of operation of the device

The injection pump has a fairly simple basic operation and many people try to create an injection pump with their own hands. In this case, before understanding the principle of operation, it is necessary to know what such an aggregate consists of:

A nozzle through which liquid flows, accelerating and exiting the unit at a higher speed. It is the high speed of the water that makes it possible to avoid unnecessary high pressure on the surrounding planes.
A mixing device where water from a nozzle enters. It is in the mixing device that the liquid is discharged throughout the entire volume.
Suction chamber where water from the well enters.
A diffuser that pushes all the liquid further along the existing pipeline.

By and large, the principle of operation of a water injection pump is the process of transferring kinetic energy from water at a high speed to an aqueous medium at a low speed.

Deep aquifer is a common problem well known to many landowners. Conventional surface pumping equipment either cannot provide the house with water at all, or delivers it to the system too slowly and with low pressure.

An excellent way out of this situation can be an ejector for a water supply pumping station.

The principle of operation of the ejector

The deeper the water is, the more difficult it is to raise it to the surface. In practice, if the depth of the well is more than seven meters, the surface pump can hardly cope with its tasks.

Of course, for very deep wells, it is more appropriate to purchase a high-performance submersible pump. But with the help of an ejector, it is possible to improve the characteristics of a surface pump to an acceptable level and at a much lower cost.

The ejector is a small but very effective device. This node has relatively simple design, it can even be made independently from improvised materials. The principle of operation is based on giving the water flow an additional acceleration, which will increase the amount of water coming from the source per unit of time.

Image Gallery

This solution is especially convenient for those who are going to install or have already installed a pumping station with a surface pump. The ejector will increase the depth of water intake up to 20-40 meters. It should also be noted that the purchase of more powerful pumping equipment will lead to a noticeable increase in electricity consumption. In this sense, the ejector will bring noticeable benefits.

The ejector for a surface pump consists of the following elements:

suction chamber;
mixing unit;
diffuser;
narrowed nozzle.

The operation of the device is based on the Bernoulli principle. It says that if the speed of the flow increases, an area with low pressure is created around it. In this way, a dilution effect is achieved. Water enters through a nozzle, the diameter of which is smaller than the dimensions of the rest of the structure.

This diagram allows you to get an idea of the device and the principle of operation of the ejector for a pumping station. Accelerated reverse flow creates an area low pressure and transfers kinetic energy to the main flow of water

A slight constriction gives a noticeable acceleration to the flow of water. Water enters the mixer chamber, creating an area with reduced pressure inside it. Under the influence of this process, a stream of water enters the mixer through the suction chamber, which is under more high pressure.

Water in the ejector does not come from a well, but from a pump. Those. the ejector must be installed in such a way that part of the water raised by the pump returns to the ejector through the nozzle. The kinetic energy of this accelerated flow will be constantly transferred to the mass of water that is sucked from the source.

To create a rarefied pressure area inside the ejector, a special fitting is used, the diameter of which is smaller than the parameters of the suction pipe.

Choice: built-in or external?

Features of mounting the device

The assembly of the ejector before operation is carried out according to the standard scheme. From below, a mesh filter is connected to the ejector body, from above - through a nozzle, a Venturi tube made in the form of a plastic bell (+)

Using a homemade external option

The built-in ejector is usually purchased at the same time as the pump, but the external model is very often made by hand. It will be useful to consider the process of creating and connecting such a device. In order to make an ejector, you will need parts such as a tee with internal threaded connections, a fitting, fittings, bends, couplings, etc.

Self-assembly of the ejector

Assemble the device as follows:

Pipe connection procedure

To connect the ejector, you can use pipes made of polyethylene, which are easier to install than similar structures made of metal-plastic

Three pipes are connected to the remote ejector: a pipe for suction of water from the source, a pipe connecting the device to the pump and a line for water recirculation

Before starting the pumping station with an ejector, it is necessary to fill the surface pump with water, as well as all pipes connected to the ejector

Initial launch and further operation

Switch on the pump again.

The lower outlet of the ejector, through which water is drawn, must be protected from contamination with a coarse strainer (+)

Useful video on the topic

The ejector is a simple but very useful device. It's comfortable and useful way improve the performance of pumping equipment in a private house. But the installation of the ejector, especially the remote model, must be done correctly, this is the only way to ensure a noticeable increase in water pressure.

sovet-ingenera.com

what is it, the principle of operation, how to do it yourself?

Water supply equipment

Ejector - what is it and how does it work? The exact answer to this question is known to any hydraulic engineer who understands the essence of the transformation of the energy of the mixed jet into pressure in the pipeline. For those uninitiated in the intricacies of engineering, it is enough for consumers of water from a well to understand the fact that this node of pressure equipment allows the pump to pump water from depths of more than 15-20 meters. But if you want to assemble an ejector with your own hands, improving your pump, then you will need an understanding of the essence of this device, in fact, at an engineering level. And this article will help you figure out what an ejector is, how it works and how to assemble such a unit on your own.

What is an ejector and how does it work?

From the point of view of the physics of the process, an ejector is a typical ejector that builds pressure in a pipeline channel. It works in tandem with a suction pump that takes water from a well or well.

The essence of the operation of this unit is to throw into the pipeline or the working chamber of the pump a jet of liquid, accelerated to high speed. Moreover, acceleration is carried out by passing through a smoothly tapering section. Due to the difference in the velocities of the main flow and the mixed jet, a rarefaction area is created in the assembly chamber, which increases the suction force in the pipeline.

The air ejector, the ejector of the liquid medium, and the gas-liquid unit work according to this principle. In physics, the mechanics of the operation of such nodes is described by Bernoulli's law, formulated in the 18th century. However, the first working ejector was assembled only in the 19th century, more precisely in 1858.

Ejector pump - principle of operation and expected benefits

Modern ejectors accelerate the pressure in the pipeline, consuming about 12 percent of the volume of the pumped flow. That is, if 1000 liters per hour goes through the pipe, then for the efficient operation of the ejector, an emission of 120 liters per hour will be required.

The following principle of operation of the ejector is supported in the pump:

A branch is cut into the pipe behind the pump.
Water from this outlet is supplied to the circulation pipe of the ejector.
The suction pipe of the ejector is connected to a pipe lowered into the well, and the pressure pipe is connected to the inlet to the working chamber of the pump.
On the pipe lowered into the well, it is necessary to mount check valve blocking the downward movement of water.
The flow supplied to the circulation pipe moves at high speed, creating a vacuum in the suction zone of the ejector. Under the action of this rarefaction, the suction force (lifting water) and the pressure in the pipeline connected to the pump increase.

Equipped with an ejector, the pump begins to take water from a well with a depth of more than 7-8 meters. Without an ejector, this process is impossible in principle. A suction-type unit deprived of this unit is capable of lifting water only to a depth of 5-7 meters. And the ejector pump pumps water even from a depth of 45 meters. At the same time, the efficiency of such pressure equipment depends on the types of ejectors used.

Varieties of ejectors - classification by location

The ejector, the principle of operation of which we described above, is mounted only on surface pumps. And there are two installation schemes:

Internal placement is when the ejector is built into the pump casing or somewhere nearby.
External placement - in this case, the ejector is mounted in a well, where, in addition to the main pipeline, a circulation branch is also carried out.

The internal ejector for the pump gives 100% guarantee safe operation ejector. In this case, it is protected from silting and mechanical damage. In addition, internal installation reduces the length of the circulation pipe. The biggest drawback of this scheme is a slight increase in suction depth. The internal ejector - what it is, and what benefits it gives, we have already explained above - allows the surface pump to pump water only from a depth of 9-10 meters. You can’t even dream of any 15-40 meters here. And you will be haunted by the noise of the beating of water, distributed by the body of the built-in equipment.

An external ejector for a pumping station promises the benefits of virtually silent operation (the source of the beat is located in the well) and the generation of a significant vacuum, sufficient to lift water from a well up to 45 meters deep. The unfortunate disadvantages of this scheme include, firstly, a drop in the efficiency of pressure equipment by about a third, and secondly, the need to install primary filters that regulate the flow frequency (such a unit is afraid of silting).

However, if you are going to design an ejector with your own hands, then the external node will be the most affordable option. That is what we will consider below.

Self-manufacturing: step-by-step instruction

If you decide to make an ejector with your own hands, you will not need drawings, since a simplified model of the external assembly can be assembled from standard tees, fittings and fittings and corners for plumbing. Moreover, only two adjustable wrenches can be used as working tools, and only FUM tape is useful to you from consumables.

A complete list of parts for a homemade ejector is as follows:

Fitting with external thread and a brush for mounting hoses. It will play the role of a nozzle from which a high-speed stream of water is ejected.
Tee with internal thread, the diameter of which must match the external thread of the fitting. This element will be used as the body.
Three corners with threaded and collet ends. With their help, you can streamline the laying of circulation, suction and pressure pipelines.
Two or three push-in or compression fittings used to connect pipelines. Moreover, the latter option requires the use of an additional tool - a crimp key.

The assembly process itself begins with the preparation of the fitting. A hexagon protruding above the threaded end is grinded off from it. Next, the processed fitting is screwed into the tee from the side of the through channel, obtaining the basis for the circulation pipe. In this case, the end with a brush (fitting) should not go beyond the boundaries of the tee. If this happens, then it will have to be cut down.

To complete the installation of the circulation pipe into the tee, after the fitting, screw the corner with threaded ends, after which another corner is screwed onto the free part of this element, obtaining a U-shaped loop with a fitting ending. It is to this fitting that the circulation pipe from the pump will be attached.

The next step is to prepare the pressure end. To do this, a fitting with an external threaded end and a collet is screwed into the free through end of the tee (it is located above the equipped circulation outlet). A pipe from the ejector to the pump will be attached to this collet.

The last stage is the arrangement of the suction end. In this case, we simply screw an angle fitting with an external thread and a collet clamp on the other end into the side branch of the tee. Moreover, the collet should look down, towards the circulation pipe. And a suction pipe laid to the bottom of the well will be attached to this fitting.

Secrets of success - how to increase the efficiency of a homemade design

Firstly, the diameter of the circulation pipe must be two times smaller than the dimensions of the pressure and suction lines. Thanks to this, the flow will receive a high speed even on the way to the fitting that replaced the nozzle.

Secondly, it is better not to lower the suction pipe to the very bottom of the well - it should be located at least a meter away. And even better - at a distance of 1.5 meters from the bottom. This way you can avoid silting.

Thirdly, a non-return valve must be screwed onto the end of the suction pipe, which cuts off the flow of water down, and it will be useful to put a coarse strainer behind the valve. This increases the efficiency of ejectors and reduces the risk of siltation of the structure.

obustroen.ru

principle of operation and device of the ejector pump

Ejector - what is it? This question often occurs among the owners of country houses and cottages in the process of arranging an autonomous water supply system. The source of water in such a system, as a rule, is a pre-drilled well or well, the liquid from which must not only be raised to the surface, but also transported through a pipeline. To solve such problems, a whole technical complex is used, consisting of a pump, a set of sensors, filters and a water ejector, installed if the liquid from the source must be pumped out from a depth exceeding ten meters.

When do you need an ejector?

Before dealing with the question of what an ejector is, you should find out why you need a pumping station equipped with it. In essence, an ejector (or ejector pump) is a device in which the energy of motion of one medium moving at high speed is transferred to another medium. Thus, at an ejector pumping station, the principle of operation is based on Bernoulli's law: if a reduced pressure of one medium is created in the tapering section of the pipeline, this will cause a suction of another medium into the formed flow and its transfer from the suction point.

Everyone is well aware that the greater the depth of the source, the harder it is to raise water from it to the surface. As a rule, if the depth of the source is more than seven meters, then a conventional surface pump can hardly perform its functions. Of course, a more efficient submersible pump can be used to solve such a problem, but it is better to go the other way and purchase an ejector for a surface-type pumping station, significantly improving the characteristics of the equipment used.

Due to the use of a pumping station with an ejector, the pressure of the liquid in the main pipeline increases, while the energy of the fast flow of the liquid medium flowing through its separate branch is used. Ejectors, as a rule, work in a set with jet-type pumps - water-jet, liquid-mercury, mercury vapor and oil-steam.

An ejector for a pumping station is especially relevant if it is necessary to increase the capacity of an already installed or planned station with a surface pump. In such cases, the ejector installation allows you to increase the depth of water intake from the reservoir up to 20-40 meters.

Overview and operation of a pumping station with an external ejector

Types of ejector devices

In my own way design and principle of operation, jet pumps can fall into one of the following categories.

With the help of such ejector devices, gaseous media are pumped out of confined spaces, and a rarefied state of air is also maintained. Devices operating on this principle have a wide range of applications.

Steam jet

In such devices, the energy of a steam jet is used to suck gaseous or liquid media from a closed space. The principle of operation of this type of ejector lies in the fact that steam flying out of the installation nozzle at high speed entrains the transported medium leaving through the annular channel located around the nozzle. Ejector pumping stations of this type are used mainly for the rapid pumping of water from the premises of ships for various purposes.

Stations with an ejector of this type, the principle of operation of which is based on the fact that the compression of a gaseous medium, initially under low pressure, occurs due to high-pressure gases, are used in the gas industry. The described process takes place in the mixing chamber, from where the flow of the pumped medium is directed to the diffuser, where it slows down, and hence the pressure increases.

Design features and principle of operation

The design elements of a remote ejector for a pump are:

a chamber into which the pumped medium is sucked;
mixing unit;
diffuser;
nozzle, the cross section of which is narrowed.

How does any ejector work? As mentioned above, such a device operates according to the Bernoulli principle: if the speed of the flow of a liquid or gaseous medium increases, then an area characterized by low pressure is formed around it, which contributes to the rarefaction effect.

So, the principle of operation of a pumping station equipped with an ejector device is as follows:

The liquid medium pumped by the ejector unit enters the latter through a nozzle whose cross section is smaller than the diameter of the inlet line.
Passing into the mixer chamber through a nozzle with a decreasing diameter, the flow of the liquid medium acquires a noticeable acceleration, which contributes to the formation of a region with reduced pressure in such a chamber.
Due to the rarefaction effect in the ejector mixer, a liquid medium at a higher pressure is sucked into the chamber.

If you decide to equip a pumping station with a device such as an ejector, keep in mind that the pumped liquid medium does not enter it from a well or well, but from a pump. The ejector itself is located in such a way that part of the liquid that was pumped out of the well or well by means of a pump returns to the mixer chamber through a tapering nozzle. The kinetic energy of the liquid flow entering the mixer chamber of the ejector through its nozzle is transferred to the mass of the liquid medium sucked by the pump from the well or well, thereby ensuring a constant acceleration of its movement along the inlet line. Part of the fluid flow, which is pumped out by a pumping station with an ejector, enters the recirculation pipe, and the rest enters the one served by such a station. plumbing system.

Once you understand how a pumping station equipped with an ejector works, you will realize that it requires less energy to raise water to the surface and transport it through a pipeline. Thus, not only the efficiency of using pumping equipment is increased, but also the depth from which the liquid medium can be pumped out increases. In addition, when using an ejector that sucks up liquid on its own, the pump is protected from running dry.

The device of a pumping station with an ejector provides for the presence in its equipment of a crane installed on the recirculation pipe. With the help of such a valve, which regulates the flow of fluid entering the ejector nozzle, you can control the operation of this device.

Types of ejectors at the installation site

When purchasing an ejector to equip a pumping station, keep in mind that such a device can be built-in and external. The device and principle of operation of these two types of ejectors are practically the same, the differences are only in the place of their installation. Built-in ejectors can be placed in the inside of the pump housing, or mounted in close proximity to it. The built-in ejection pump has a number of advantages, which include:

minimum space required for installation;
good protection of the ejector from contamination;
no need to install additional filters that protect the ejector from insoluble inclusions contained in the pumped liquid.

Meanwhile, it should be borne in mind that built-in ejectors demonstrate high efficiency if they are used to pump water from sources of shallow depth - up to 10 meters. Another significant disadvantage of pumping stations with built-in ejectors is that they emit quite a lot of noise during their operation, so it is recommended to locate them in a separate room or in a caisson of an aquifer. It should also be borne in mind that the device of this type of ejector involves the use of a more powerful electric motor that drives the pumping unit itself.

A remote (or external) ejector, as its name implies, is installed at a certain distance from the pump, and it can be quite large and reach up to fifty meters. Remote-type ejectors, as a rule, are placed directly in the well and connected to the system through a recirculation pipe. A pumping station with a remote ejector also requires the use of a separate storage tank. This tank is necessary in order to ensure the constant availability of water for recirculation. The presence of such a tank, in addition, allows you to reduce the load on the pump with a remote ejector, and reduce the amount of energy required for its operation.

The use of remote-type ejectors, the efficiency of which is somewhat lower than that of built-in devices, makes it possible to pump out a liquid medium from wells of considerable depth. In addition, if you make a pumping station with an external ejector, then it can not be placed in the immediate vicinity of the well, but mounted at a distance from the source of water intake, which can be from 20 to 40 meters. At the same time, it is important that the location of pumping equipment at such a considerable distance from the well will not affect the efficiency of its operation.

Production of an ejector and its connection to pumping equipment

Having figured out what an ejector is and having studied the principle of its operation, you will understand that you can make this simple device with your own hands. Why make an ejector with your own hands, if it can be purchased without any problems? It's all about saving. Finding drawings according to which you can make such a device yourself is not a problem, and for its manufacture you will not need expensive consumables and sophisticated equipment.

How to make an ejector and connect it to a pump? For this purpose, you need to prepare the following components:

tee with internal thread;
union;
couplings, elbows and other fitting elements.

The manufacture of the ejector is carried out according to the following algorithm.

A fitting is screwed into the lower part of the tee, and this is done so that the narrow branch pipe of the latter is inside the tee, but does not protrude from its reverse side. The distance from the end of the narrow branch pipe of the fitting to the upper end of the tee should be about two to three millimeters. If the fitting is too long, then the end of its narrow pipe is ground off, if it is short, then it is increased with a polymer tube.
IN upper part tee, which will be connected to the suction line of the pump, screw in an adapter with an external thread.
A branch in the form of a corner is screwed into the lower part of the tee with an already installed fitting, which will be connected to the recirculation pipe of the ejector.
A bend in the form of a corner is also screwed into the side branch pipe of the tee, to which a pipe supplying water from the well is connected by means of a collet clamp.

All threaded connections made in the manufacture of a homemade ejector must be tight, which is ensured by the use of FUM tape. On the pipe through which water will be taken from the source, a check valve and a strainer should be placed, which will protect the ejector from clogging. As pipes, with the help of which the ejector will be connected to the pump and the storage tank, which ensures the recirculation of water in the system, you can choose products made of both metal-plastic and polyethylene. In the second variant, not collet clamps are needed for installation, but special crimp elements.

After all the required connections are made, a homemade ejector is placed in the well, and the entire pipeline system is filled with water. Only then can the first start-up of the pumping station be carried out.

installation example with external and internal design

A pumping station with an ejector is the basis of any autonomous water supply system. After all, it is this unit that “generates” the pressure of the water supply, “transporting” liquid from a deep well to the surface - to the consumer.

Moreover, the effective operation of the station, equally, I guarantee all the components of its design, but only one element is responsible for the possibility of transporting water from a considerable depth (more than 10 meters) - the ejector. Without it, the station would pump water only from a 7-meter well.

Therefore, in this article we will consider the design and manufacturing process of a homemade ejector. This information will help you increase the efficiency of your unit.

Ejector for a pumping station - design and typical varieties of the assembly

An ejector is a very important device that can increase the pressure in the supply pipeline, due to the energy of the “fast” flow that moves along a special branch.

Technically it looks like this:

The supply pipeline is connected to the left branch pipe of the T-shaped mixing chamber.
A tube is connected to the lower branch pipe of the chamber, along which a high-speed flow moves. Moreover, the tube itself (and the pipe) is much thinner than the supply pipeline.
The right branch pipe is designed as a diffuser, in which both flows (supply and high-speed) are mixed.

After mixing, due to the difference in velocities and energies, a rarefaction occurs in the chamber, accelerating the movement of the liquid in the supply (left) pipeline.

Moreover, the specified chamber - in fact, this is the ejector - can be mounted both in the same housing with the pump, and separately. Accordingly, the specified installation scheme divides the assortment of ejectors into external and internal devices.

In this case, the performance of the pumping station is determined precisely by the location of the ejector. After all, installations with an internal ejector pump water only from 7-10 meters. A remote ejector gets water even from a 40-meter well.

But the energy efficiency of the pumping station will be better if it is equipped with a built-in ejector. Since a pumping station with a remote ejector demonstrates an efficiency factor (coefficient of performance) at the level of 30-35 percent.

And the built-in ejector is very noisy, and the external one works almost silently.

Of course, these advantages and disadvantages influenced both the configuration and the choice of the location of the pumping station. As a result, external ejectors are placed in deep wells, connected to powerful motors installed inside the house. Internal ejectors are connected to relatively "weak" motors (the lack of power is compensated by high efficiency), located outside the house - in the annex, and serving shallow wells.

Self-manufacturing of the ejector: an overview of the process

To make an ejector on our own, we need a set of available parts, which will include the following fittings and interface elements:

Tee - it will serve as the basis for the designed device.
Nozzle - This will be used as a high pressure flow conduit.
Couplings and bends - with the help of these elements we will assemble the ejector and connect the resulting device to the system.

Moreover, a home-made ejector for a pumping station is assembled from the above parts in the following order:

We take a tee, the ends of which are designed for threaded installation. Moreover, the thread on all ends is internal.
We screw the fitting into the lower part of the tee, with the outlet pipe up. That is, the base of the fitting must be screwed into the tee, placing the outlet pipe (small diameter) inside the base of the ejector. Moreover, the branch pipe should not stick out of the opposite end of the tee. And if it is excessively long, then it is turned. Accordingly, a short fitting is built up with a polymer tube. The distance from the end of the tee to the end of the fitting should be 2-3 millimeters.
An adapter is attached to the upper part of the tee (located above the fitting), one end of which is designed for external threading (it is screwed into the base of the future ejector), and the second is equipped as a compression fitting for a metal-plastic pipe through which water will be transported (outside the ejector) from the well.
In the lower part of the tee, where the fitting is already screwed in, you need to screw in another fitting - a corner (bend), on which the recirculation line pipe will be put on (and secured with a compression nut). Therefore, before installation, the lower (threaded) part of the fitting is turned, up to three or four threads.
A second corner is screwed into the side branch, ending with a collet clamp for mounting the supply pipeline through which water flows from the source.

Threaded connections are mounted on FUM (polymer sealant). If polyethylene moldings are used as pipes, then instead of collet fittings for metal-plastic, crimp elements are used, designed for the effect of reverse shrinkage of polyethylene. At the same time, you can save money on the corners - pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene bend in any direction and at any angle.

After assembling a homemade ejector, it must be connected to a pumping station. Moreover, if the specified device is connected outside the well, we have a pumping station with an “internal” ejector. Well, if the ejector plunges directly into the mine, "diving" under the water, then we have a pumping station with an external ejector.

And in the latter case, three pipes will have to be connected to the assembled device at once:

The first - to the side end of the tee. It should sink almost to the very bottom, and a strainer in a glass case should be attached to its end. A stream flows through this pipe with (still) a small pressure.
The second - to the lower end of the tee. It will be connected to the pressure line coming out of the pumping station. As a result, a stream will appear in the ejector moving at high speed.
The third - to the upper end. It will be brought to the surface, connected to the suction pipe of the pump. A stream with increased pressure due to the ejector will flow through this pipe.

In this case, the first pipe will go under the water entirely, and the second and third will come out of the water to the surface.

canalizator-pro.ru

Ejector for a pumping station - DIY assembly and installation

Deep well - beautiful engineering solution to provide water to a private house. Water extracted from the deep layers of the soil usually differs good taste and favorable for human health chemical composition. Exceptions to these rules are quite rare.

Having checked the quality of life-giving moisture in the laboratory of the local sanitary and epidemiological station, the owners immediately set about arranging an autonomous water supply. And here they face a small technical problem. How to ensure the right pressure in the system and at the same time ensure uninterrupted water intake from a depth of more than ten meters?

What is an ejector for?

It is with depths of more than 10 meters that the pump has to work to supply water from drinking wells. And there are two popular ways to solve this problem:

Acquisition of a more powerful and expensive unit included in the pumping station kit. The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of plumbing.
Collecting an ejector with your own hands and installing it on a cheaper, but powerful enough model.

In any pump, each of the parts of the design is extremely important for the quality operation of the entire equipment as a whole.

However, for lifting moisture from depths greater than 7-10 meters, a small device called an ejector is crucial.

The ejector is a chamber-type structure designed to create a vacuum and facilitate (accelerate) the rise to the surface of the water. Manufacturers mount such a chamber inside the pump or take it outside, thereby reducing the noise of the unit.

The principle of operation of the design is to install a branch pipe of a smaller diameter on the supply pipeline. Water in narrow space forced to move at a higher speed, creating a section of rarefaction, like a magnet attracting the water flow and accelerating its further movement through the water supply.

The branch pipe has a T-shape. On the right side of the device is a diffuser for mixing flows (normal and accelerated). Water enters the left side of the pipe, then mixes with the high-speed flow on the right and continues to move through the pipes.

The speed of movement is largely determined by the location of the ejector. The built-in pump is less powerful, but the remote version is chief assistant in lifting water from a depth of up to 40 meters. However, it should be borne in mind that built-in ejectors are more efficient in terms of the performance of the entire pumping station.

It follows from this that it is worth installing remote models of ejectors, only having previously assessed the benefits of such a pumping system.

Remote models have not very high efficiency - up to 35%. But they also have obvious advantages in the form of silent operation and the rise of water from great depths.

Experts advise to adhere to the following rules:

A weak pump is equipped with a built-in ejector, which increases its efficiency, but allows it to work only with shallow wells. Install such stations in the utility room due to increased noise.

Powerful pumps are equipped with a remote type of ejector. Such systems are designed to supply water from deep wells. A pump with a storage tank or a hydraulic accumulator can be installed in the house. The ejector is brought into the well.

How to do it yourself

To manufacture the device, you will need available parts in the form of interface elements and fittings:

metal tee - serves as the main part;
high pressure water conductor in the form of a fitting;
bends and couplings - elements for mounting the device and connecting it to the water supply.

To seal all threaded connections, FUM tape is used - it is an easy-to-use and plastic sealant made of polymer material, vaguely resembling insulation white color.

If the plumbing system consists of metal-plastic pipes, installation must be done with crimp elements. You do not need to purchase bends if the water pipes are made of cross-linked polyethylene - they easily bend at the desired angle.

Of the tools you will need:

plumbing keys;
vise;
grinder or emery for grinding.

The order of work is as follows:

A tee with an internal thread is taken and a fitting is screwed into its lower hole. The outlet pipe of the fitting is located inside the tee. Special attention is given to the dimensions of the fitting - all protruding parts are carefully ground. And short fittings, on the contrary, are built up with polymer tubes. The required size of the part of the fitting protruding from the tee should be no more than three millimeters.
An adapter with an external thread is screwed to the top of the tee. It will be located directly above the fitting. The male thread is used as a means of connecting the adapter to the tee. The opposite end of the adapter is intended for mounting a water pipe using a crimp element (fitting).
A branch in the form of a corner is screwed to the lower part of the tee, which already has a fitting, to which a narrow recirculation pipe is subsequently attached using a compression nut.
Another corner is screwed into the side hole of the tee, designed to connect the water supply pipe. The pipe is fastened with a collet clamp.
After complete assembly, the device is connected to a pre-selected place in the plumbing system, which the owner considers optimal for himself. Mounting near the pump makes the handicraft ejector built-in. And placing it in a well or well will mean that the device works according to the remote principle.

You definitely need to know how to choose a pumping station for a private house!

If immersion in water is practiced, three pipes are connected to the device at once:

The first sinks to the very bottom, is equipped with a strainer and connects to the side corner on the tee. She will take water and transport it to the ejector.
The second one comes from the pumping station and connects to the bottom hole. This pipe is responsible for the occurrence of high-speed flow.
The third is output to the plumbing system and is connected to the upper hole of the tee. Already accelerated water flow with increased pressure will move along it.

The second and third pipes are always on the surface, and the third goes into the water.

Operating rules

The service life of a pump or station equipped with an ejector directly depends on compliance with the operating rules.

It is necessary to observe the main technical points starting with the installation of the ejector. It is required to correctly correlate the depth of the source and the power of the pump. And already based on these parameters, decide on the installation site of the ejector.
It makes no sense to put a built-in ejector on a low-power pump that can hardly cope with raising water from a deeper well or well. This engineering solution the best choice for water intake from irrigation tanks or shallow wells up to 10 meters.
For wells deeper than ten meters, a powerful pump with high performance is required (the ejector can be installed near the well, in a caisson chamber). And to lift water from a depth of 15 to 40 meters, it is necessary to place an ejector inside the well, lowering it into the water.
For all surface type pumps, it is extremely important how the external submersible ejector is placed. To save the equipment from failures and extend the service life, the pipes leading to the surface from the ejector must be placed strictly vertically. If this installation rule is not observed, air may enter the pipeline, which will drastically reduce the efficiency of the system, and in the near future will disable the pump.
The most productive depth is considered to be up to 20 meters. Although ejectors are traditionally lowered below. However, the efficiency in such a water supply system will not please the owners. With increasing depth, the operation of the pump deteriorates and even the most well-designed ejector is not able to help it.

In compulsory Maintenance regular measurement of pressure in the water supply is switched on. If a special sensor is not installed, a pressure gauge can be used to measure the pressure in car tires. To do this, the protective cover on the accumulator is unscrewed.

To raise the pressure in the system and ensure its efficient operation, air is pumped under the casing of the accumulator by a car pump - between the rubber bulb and the metal case. The pressure must be monitored by a sensor - it must correspond to technical passport products.

greenologia.ru

why this element is in the pumping station, what is the principle of operation

A pumping station with an ejector is part of an autonomous water supply system. The principle of operation of the ejector is that it regulates the pressure of water in the pipe. In this case, water moves from the well to the surface - to the consumer.

To solve the problem of low water pressure allows the installation of an ejector for a pumping station

All structural elements are responsible for the energy efficiency of such a station. At the same time, water supply from a depth of 10 m or more is provided only by an ejector pump. Without this device, the station pumps water only from a well, the depth of which is a maximum of 7 m.

This article talks about both the types and design of the ejector, and how to create an ejector pump with your own hands.

Types and typical varieties of the ejector pump

Manufacturers of equipment for water supply and sanitation produce 2 types of ejection pumps:

steam - a vacuum pumping apparatus that pumps gas out of an enclosed space and maintains a vacuum. Such a device is used in technical devices that provide water supply to consumers;
steam jet - an air ejector that uses the steam energy of the jet when pumping water, vapor or gas from an enclosed space. This device was used on river and sea vessels when pumping water.

An injection pump is considered a device that increases the pressure of water in a pipe. In this case, ejection occurs - the use of the energy of a fast stream of water that flows through a special branch.

The configuration of such equipment is as follows:

first, the pipe through which water flows is connected to the left chamber pipe of the mixer, which has a T-shaped appearance;
then, a tube is attached to the chamber branch pipe located below, along which a high-speed flow occurs. In this case, the tube and branch pipe must be thinner than the pipe through which water flows;
further, the right branch pipe is used as a diffuser, in which 2 water flows are mixed - supplying liquid and high-speed.

After mixing both streams, a vacuum is formed in the chamber, which accelerates the movement of water in the left pipe supplying water.

The efficient operation of the station depends on all structural elements, but the transport of water is completely dependent on the ejector

Such a chamber, in fact, is also considered an ejector pump. It is installed either in the 1st building of the pumping station, or separately.

As a result, such an installation expands the range of ejection pumps and divides them into built-in and external ones.

At the same time, the energy efficiency of the pumping station depends on which ejector is installed on it.

If it is equipped with an external, rather than a built-in ejector pump, then its efficiency is 30%. In this case, a vacuum ejector is installed at the station.

At the same time, the built-in pumping station produces a lot of noise, and the external ejector is quiet.

All the advantages and disadvantages directly affect the choice of the ejector installation site.

External ejector pumping stations are installed on a well located at a great depth. They are connected to a motor with high power, which is installed indoors.

Internal pumping stations are connected to less powerful motors that are installed outside the house - where there is a shallow well (well).

Features and principle of operation of the installation

At the plants for the production of equipment for water disposal, 2 types of pumping equipment are manufactured - with an internal and external ejector pump.

Devices with an internal ejection device pump out water from shallow (8 m or less) wells, reservoirs and wells.

A feature of such equipment is the presence of the "self-priming" function, as a result of which the water level is regulated, which is below the level of the inlet pipe. In this regard, before turning on the device, it is necessary to fill it with water.

Device scheme: 1- tee; 2 - fitting; 3 - vinyl chloride tube; 4 - adapter for a metal-plastic pipe; 5 - angle NhMP; 6 - angle HxB; 7 - angle NhMP

After the device is filled with water and turned on, the impeller of the installation with an internal ejector pump sends water to the ejector inlet, thus forming the necessary jet. It moves along a thin tube and the water pressure becomes faster.

When the pipe is connected to the inlet, water begins to flow to the station.

The water then enters the chamber, which sucks in the liquid. In this case, the water pressure becomes less and the liquid flows through the diffuser to the outlet, slightly increasing the flow rate.

A device that uses an external ejector for a pumping station differs from an internal ejector pump in that it is used only at a depth of 10 m or more.

It is also difficult to install external ejector pumps on these devices. The pipes that connect the pumping devices to each other are installed only in a vertical position. Otherwise, a lot of air will enter the inlet line and it will stop working normally.

The best option the use of devices with a remote ejector is considered to be the installation of the device at a depth of 20 m. With an increase in the lifting height, its performance decreases.

As a result, the external pumping device has a lower efficiency than the internal one.

Self-made ejector

In order to make an air ejector with your own hands, you need to purchase the following set of parts, consisting of fittings and interface elements:

tee - the basis of the designed air ejector;
fitting - a conductor of high water pressure in the device;
couplings and bends - these elements are used for self-assembly of the ejector apparatus.

Scheme of connecting the ejector to the line of operation of the pumping station

In order to assemble an ejector for a pumping station from parts with your own hands, you must perform the following steps:

first, you should take a tee, the ends of which are used for threaded installation. In this case, the thread on its ends must be internal;
further, a fitting should be installed on the bottom of the tee. In this case, the fitting should be attached to the tee in such a way that the small pipe is inside the pumping unit. In this case, the branch pipe should not appear on the end, which is located on the opposite side of the tee.

If the pipe turned out to be too long, then it must be shortened - turned.

In the same way, a short fitting is increased by using a polymer tube. The distance between the ends of the tee and the fitting should be 2-3 mm .;

then, on top of the tee - above the fitting, an adapter should be installed. Moreover, 1 end of the adapter must be made for external threading (it must be installed on the base of the pumping apparatus), and the second must be installed as a crimp outlet (fitting) for a metal-plastic pipeline through which water flows from the well;
from the bottom of the tee with an installed fitting, a 2nd crimp outlet is installed, on which it is necessary to put on and fasten the recirculation line pipeline with nuts. In this regard, before installing the device, you must first grind up to 3-4 threads of the thread on the lower part of the fitting;
upon completion of the assembly of a home-made pumping apparatus, a second corner should be screwed into the branch on the side, at the end of which a collet clamp is installed for installing a water pipe.

Connection using a thread is made on seals made of polymers - fluoroplastic sealing material (FUM).

After completing the assembly of a homemade ejector pump, it is connected to the station itself.

If you install a homemade ejector outside the well, then you will end up with a station with a built-in ejection device.

If the ejector device is installed in a shaft in which it is covered with water, then a station with an external ejection device will be obtained.

WATCH VIDEO

When installing such homemade apparatus 3 pipes should be connected to the tee at the same time:

1st - to the end, which is located on the side of the tee. The pipe is lowered to the bottom, and a filter with a mesh is installed at its end. A small pressure of water begins to flow through such a pipe;
2nd - to the end, which is located at the bottom of the tee. It is connected to the pressure line that exits the station. As a result, the water flow rate in the ejector pump begins to increase;
3rd - to the end, which is located on top of the tee. It is brought to the surface and connected to a pipe that sucks in water. Through such a pipe, water will flow with even greater pressure.

As a result, the first pipe will be under water, and the second and third - on the surface of the aqueous liquid.

The price of an ejector for a pumping station ranges from 16-18,000 rubles. and depends on it specifications.

trubexpert.ru

operating principle and installation rules

The diagram shows the device of an external ejector: 1- tee; 2 - fitting; 3 - adapter for a water pipe; 4, 5, 6 - corners

Thus, a constant acceleration of the flow will be ensured. Pumping equipment will need less energy to transport water to the surface. As a result, its efficiency will increase, as will the depth from which water can be taken.

Part of the water extracted in this way is sent back to the ejector through the recirculation pipe, and the rest enters the house's plumbing system. The presence of an ejector has another "plus". It sucks in water on its own, which additionally insures the pump against idling, i.e. from the “dry running” situation, which is dangerous for all surface pumps.

To regulate the operation of the ejector, use a conventional valve. It is installed on the recirculation pipe, through which water from the pump is directed to the ejector nozzle. Using a tap, the amount of water entering the ejector can be reduced or increased, thereby reducing or increasing the reverse flow rate.

Depending on the installation location, remote and built-in ejectors are distinguished. big difference in design features there are no such devices, but the location of the ejector still affects in some way both the installation of the pumping station and its operation. So, built-in ejectors are usually placed inside the pump housing or in close proximity to it.

As a result, the ejector takes up a minimum of space, and it does not have to be installed separately, it is enough to perform the usual installation of a pumping station or the pump itself. In addition, the ejector located in the housing is reliably protected from contamination. Vacuum and reverse water intake is carried out directly in the pump housing. There is no need to install additional filters to protect the ejector from clogging with silt particles or sand.

An external ejector for a pumping station is more difficult to install than an internal model, but this option creates a much lower noise effect.

However, it should be remembered that such a model demonstrates maximum efficiency on not great depths ah, up to 10 meters. Pumps with built-in ejector are designed for such relatively shallow sources, their advantage is that they provide an excellent head of incoming water.

As a result, these characteristics are enough to use water not only for domestic needs, but also for irrigation or other business operations. Another problem is the increased noise level, since the sound effect from the water passing through the ejector is added to the vibration of the running pump.

If a decision is made to install a pump with a built-in ejector, then you will have to take care of sound insulation especially carefully. Pumps or pumping stations with a built-in ejector are recommended to be installed outside the house, for example, in a separate building or in a well caisson. The electric motor for a pump with an ejector must be more powerful than for a similar non-ejector model.

A remote or external ejector is installed at some distance from the pump, and this distance can be quite significant: 20-40 meters, some experts even consider 50 meters acceptable. Thus, a remote ejector can be placed directly in a water source, for example, in a well.

The external ejector not only increases the performance of the pump, but is designed to increase the depth of water intake from the source, which can reach 20-45 m

Of course, the noise from the operation of an ejector installed deep underground will no longer disturb the residents of the house. However, this type of device should be connected to the system using a recirculation pipe, through which water will return to the ejector. The greater the installation depth of the device, the longer the pipe will have to be lowered into the well or well.

It is better to provide for the presence of another pipe in the well at the design stage of the device. Connecting a remote ejector also provides for the installation of a separate storage tank, from which water will be taken for recirculation.

Such a tank allows you to reduce the load on the surface pump, saving some amount of energy. It is worth noting that the efficiency of the external ejector is somewhat lower than that of the models built into the pump, however, the ability to significantly increase the depth of the intake forces one to come to terms with this drawback.

When using an external ejector, there is no need to place the pumping station directly next to the water source. It is quite possible to install it in the basement of a residential building. The distance to the source can vary within 20-40 meters, this will not affect the performance of pumping equipment.

Ejector mounting procedure

As already mentioned, installing an ejector built into the pump does not cause any particular problems, since the device is already in the device case. The surface pump is simply connected to the water supply hose on one side, and to the plumbing system on the other side.

If it is used as part of a pumping station, then the pump is connected to a hydraulic accumulator through a special fitting for five outlets. In addition, the pump will need to be connected to the contacts of the pressure switch in order to ensure its automatic switching on and off.

This diagram clearly shows the procedure for connecting a remote ejector to a pumping station, indicating the installation locations of all necessary components

Before turning on the surface pump, it must be filled with water through the filling hole provided for this. Do not turn on such equipment without water, it can burn out. If the pump is installed correctly, the ejector will work without interruption.

But the installation of a remote ejector is carried out according to a more complex scheme. First you will need to install a pipe that will provide a return flow of water from the drive to the ejector. A non-return valve is installed on the suction section of the ejector. Behind it should be a mesh filter that will protect the device from clogging.

A control valve must be installed on top of the recirculation pipe to regulate the amount of water that is sent to the ejector. This node is not mandatory, but can significantly improve the situation with the water pressure in the house. How less water will return to the ejector, the more it will remain for the plumbing system of the house.

Thus, you can influence the pressure of water in the water supply. If it is insufficient, slightly tighten the adjusting valve on the return line. If the pressure is too high and creates an unnecessary load on the plumbing system, it makes sense to send more water to the ejector in order to increase the efficiency of the pumping equipment.

Some industrial models of ejectors are already equipped with such an adjustment system. The instructions that come with the device usually describe in detail the procedure for setting up the operation of the ejector.

Connecting a homemade ejector

Connect the lower part of the tee to the fitting so that the outlet pipe is at the top, and the fitting with a smaller diameter is inside the ejector.
Then you need to refine the design by sawing off the narrow part of the fitting if it protrudes from the tee.
If the fitting turned out to be too short, it is increased using a polymer tube.
An adapter with an external thread is screwed onto the upper side of the tee.
A PVC water pipe is attached to the other end of the adapter using a fitting.
Now, to the bottom side of the tee, into which a narrow fitting is already inserted, a bend in the form of a corner should be attached.
A pipe is connected to this outlet, through which the return flow of water to the ejector will flow.
Another corner is attached to the side branch pipe of the tee.
A pipe is attached to this corner using a collet clamp, water from a well, well, etc. will be sucked through it.

The distance between the edge of the tee and the fitting should be approximately 2-3 mm. This will ensure the creation of a rarefaction region with the required characteristics. A compression nut is used to secure the recirculation pipe.

It turns out that two elements are simultaneously attached to the internal thread of the lower branch pipe of the tee. One of them (fitting) is inside the tee, and the second (corner) is outside. In order for both of them to fit on the same threaded connection, cut off part of the thread of the fitting.

Of course, all threaded connections must be sealed and sealed. Most often, FUM tape is used for this. Sometimes, to connect the ejector to the pumping station, not metal-plastic pipes are used, but polyethylene structures. For their installation, special crimp elements should be used, and collet clamps, which are good for metal-plastic, will not work in this situation.

All threaded connections of the ejector should be carefully sealed and sealed, for example, using FUM tape or other suitable material.

You should think about in advance which pipes will be used to connect the remote ejector. Polyethylene structures bend well when heated, which makes it possible to do without corners when connecting an ejector. The pipe is simply bent at the right place and at the right angle, and then attached to the ejector.

So, the device has three outlets, to each of which a corresponding pipe should be connected. First, a pipe is usually installed through which water will be drawn from the source. She joins the side exit from the ejector.

At the end of this pipe, a check valve is installed without fail, as well as a strainer. This pipe must be long enough to go deep underwater. But you should not take water from the very bottom of the source, as this can lead to clogging of the ejector, even despite the presence of a filter.

You can then connect the pipe to the lower end of the ejector, which has a narrowed fitting. This is a pipeline through which water is recirculated. The other end of this pipe should be connected to a container from which water will be taken to create a reverse flow.

The third pipe is a regular water main. At one end it is mounted on the upper branch pipe of the ejector, and the other end is attached to the surface pump. It should be remembered that the diameter of the pipe through which water is taken from the source must exceed the dimensions of the pipe through which water is supplied to the ejector.

If an inch pipe is used for the supply, then it is recommended to take a pipe a quarter of an inch larger for suction. After all connections are made, the ejector is lowered into the water. Before starting the system for the first time, it must be filled with water. The pump is poured through a special hole. The pipes leading to the ejector must also be filled with water.

Pour water into the pump through a special hole.
Turn off the tap through which water flows from the pumping station to the water supply system.
Turn on the pump for about 10-20 seconds and turn it off immediately.
Open the valve and bleed some of the air from the system.
Repeat the pump on/off cycle in combination with air bleeding until the pipes are filled with water.
Switch on the pump again.
Wait for the accumulator to fill and the pump to turn off automatically.
Open any faucet.
Wait until the water flows out of the accumulator and the pump turns on automatically.

If no water came out when starting the system with an ejector, it is possible that air is somehow leaking into the pipes, or the initial filling with water was not performed correctly. It makes sense to check the presence and condition of the check valve. If it is not there, the water will simply pour into the well, and the pipes will remain empty.

These points should also be taken into account when using a pumping station with an ejector, which is started up after a long period of storage. The check valve, the integrity of the pipes and the tightness of the connections are best checked immediately.

The lower outlet of the ejector, through which water is drawn, must be protected from contamination with a coarse strainer.

If everything is in order, and water does not flow, you need to check the voltage supplied to the pumping station. If it is too low, the pump simply cannot work at full capacity. You should establish a normal power supply to the equipment, and the problem will disappear.

If an ejector is needed to improve the water pressure in the system, and not to increase the depth of water intake, you can use the homemade ejector model described above. But it does not need to be immersed in water, it can be placed in a convenient place near the surface pump. In this case, the ejector will work in much the same way as the built-in model. industrial production.

Useful video on ejectors

This video discusses in detail the issue of suction depth of a surface pump and options for solving the problem using an ejector:

The principle of operation of the ejector is clearly demonstrated here:

The ejector is a simple but very useful device. This is a convenient and useful way to improve the performance of pumping equipment in a private home. But the installation of the ejector, especially the remote model, must be done correctly, this is the only way to ensure a noticeable increase in water pressure. published by econet.ru

DIY decorative fountain for an apartment

What is an ejector and how does it work?

Ejector pump - principle of operation and expected benefits

The following principle of operation of the ejector is supported in the pump:

A branch is cut into the pipe behind the pump.
Water from this outlet is supplied to the circulation pipe of the ejector.
The suction pipe of the ejector is connected to a pipe lowered into the well, and the pressure pipe is connected to the inlet to the working chamber of the pump.
A check valve must be mounted on the pipe lowered into the well, blocking the movement of water down.
The flow supplied to the circulation pipe moves at high speed, creating a vacuum in the suction zone of the ejector. Under the action of this rarefaction, the suction force (lifting water) and the pressure in the pipeline connected to the pump increase.

Varieties of ejectors - classification by location

The ejector, the principle of operation of which we described above, is mounted only on surface pumps. And there are two installation schemes:

Internal placement is when the ejector is built into the pump casing or somewhere nearby.
External placement - in this case, the ejector is mounted in a well, where, in addition to the main pipeline, a circulation branch is also carried out.

The internal ejector for the pump gives a 100% guarantee for the safe operation of the ejector. In this case, it is protected from silting and mechanical damage. In addition, internal installation reduces the length of the circulation pipe. The biggest drawback of this scheme is a slight increase in suction depth. The internal ejector - what it is, and what benefits it gives, we have already explained above - allows the surface pump to pump water only from a depth of 9-10 meters. You can’t even dream of any 15-40 meters here. And you will be haunted by the noise of the beating of water, distributed by the body of the built-in equipment.

The external ejector promises such benefits as virtually silent operation (the source of the beat is located in the well) and the generation of a significant vacuum, sufficient to lift water from a well up to 45 meters deep. The unfortunate disadvantages of this scheme include, firstly, a drop in the efficiency of pressure equipment by about a third, and secondly, the need to install primary filters that regulate the flow frequency (such a unit is afraid of silting).

However, if you are going to design an ejector with your own hands, then the external node will be the most affordable option. That is what we will consider below.

Self-manufacturing: step by step instructions

A complete list of parts for a homemade ejector is as follows:

Union with external thread and a brush for mounting hoses. It will play the role of a nozzle from which a high-speed stream of water is ejected.
A tee with an internal thread, the diameter of which must match the external thread of the fitting. This element will be used as the body.
Three corners with threaded and collet ends. With their help, you can streamline the laying of circulation, suction and pressure pipelines.
Two or three push-in or compression fittings used to connect pipelines. Moreover, the latter option requires the use of an additional tool - a crimp key.

Secrets of success - how to increase the efficiency of a homemade design

Pumping stations are in high demand among the population when arranging individual water supply due to their versatility and reasonable cost, their only serious drawback is the small depth of water intake, not exceeding 9 meters. For this problem, there is a simple engineering solution based on physical law Bernoulli is an ejector for a pumping station, with a similar device, a surface electric pump is capable of sucking water from deep sources at a distance of a water mirror from the earth's surface of tens of meters.

This device, when used with a surface pump, is useful in cases where the water level of the source with which the surface pump previously worked has fallen for some reason (silting of the well and well, intensive water intake).

At the same time, it should be understood that the price of obtaining a high suction depth is the low efficiency of the electric pump, because part of the raised water is sent back to the suction pipe to increase the kinetic energy of the inlet flow. This factor hinders the use of surface ejector electric pumps for lifting water from great depths - for these purposes, wells are drilled and submersible pumps are used, the head of which in a domestic version can reach up to 200 m.

Rice. 1 The device and appearance of the ejector for the water station

An ejector is a device in which two media are connected in a mixing chamber, while one of them moves at high speed and is fed through a narrowed nozzle, and the second fills the chamber in a natural way. The stream exiting the nozzle with acceleration transfers its kinetic energy to the moving medium, which is then carried away from the suction point. Also, a reduced pressure is created in the zone at the exit of the narrow section of the nozzle - this leads to the fact that the transported medium is simultaneously sucked in by the ejector.

The moving and accelerating media may have different physical state, in jet pumps, air or steam is supplied through a narrow nozzle, which heats the water stream and pushes it out at high speed.

Rice. 2 Ejector design

What is an ejector and why is it needed

The design of the ejector is not very complex, its main elements are:

Nozzle. It is a cylindrical branch pipe with a conical narrowing at the end. According to Bernoulli's law, as the cross section of the pipeline decreases, the pressure in it becomes lower, and the speed of the passing flow increases. Thus, there is a movement of the transported flow with high pressure into the low pressure area (suction) and at the same time it is pushed out by a jet of water, moving at high speed (transfer of kinetic energy).
suction pipe. Through this element of the ejector, the transported liquid enters it, usually its diameter exceeds the size of the inlet pipe of the nozzle.
Mixing chamber. In this node, two flows collide, while the kinetic energy from the auxiliary is transferred to the main one.
Neck. After mixing the two streams, the liquid enters the narrowed part, where its speed increases.
Diffuser. The element has a cone-shaped expansion at the end, as a result of which the pressure of the liquid at the outlet increases, and the flow rate decreases. The cross section of the diffuser is designed for connection to a pressure pipeline of standard diameter.

Rice. 3 Centrifugal pump - interior

The use of an ejector in domestic pumping stations is justified only in exceptional cases - when it is used, depending on the depth of immersion of the suction pipe, the efficiency drops by 50 - 70%, which leads to unjustified waste of electricity. Therefore, to draw water from great depths, everyone uses submersible electric pumps and drills special wells for them. It is also more efficient because the efficiency submersible pumps higher than surface ones, which spend part of their energy on suction and raising the water column to the impeller (65% to 50% ratio).

On the pumping equipment market, there are still surface centrifugal electric pumps with built-in or remote ejectors, and in order to answer the question of why an ejector is needed in a pumping station, you should consider options for its use:

dry summer or for a long time weather without precipitation. In this case, the static water level in the well or well decreases, and at a mark of more than 9 m from the surface, a conventional centrifugal surface pump will not be able to raise it. In this situation, you can connect an external ejector and use the source for some time with a loss of performance until the static level rises.
If there is a one-time intensive water intake. The situation may arise if a shallow source has a low flow rate (replenishment rate), and it is necessary to raise a large volume of water, for example, for a bath, filling containers for irrigation and other household needs in a private house, leading to a drop in level.
Operational lowering of the water mirror in the source. Any well on sand has a short service life and silts up over time, the same problem occurs with wells, so the static water level in them drops. Installing an ejector will allow you to raise water from depths of more than 9 meters before cleaning the source or solving problems by other methods.

Rice. 4 Ejector pumping stations

What are the pumping stations

The pumping station is a structure assembled into a monoblock, the main part of which is a centrifugal electric pump located above the hydraulic accumulator tank, its required elements- pressure switch and pressure gauge mounted on a five-way fitting.

The principle of operation of a centrifugal electric pump is to supply the suction liquid to the center of the impeller with blades, which, when rotated, due to centrifugal force, push it out through the side outlet pipe.

A standard centrifugal pump has an inlet in the center of the hydraulic compartment and an outlet located perpendicular to its axis in the side, but there are pumps with a different design.

Rice. 5 Built-in ejector - diagram

Stations with built-in ejector

Pumping stations with a built-in ejector incorporate a centrifugal electric pump, in the hydraulic part of which an ejector unit is located. The principle of operation of such a system is quite simple - the suction water enters the centrifugal impeller, which throws it out through the side pipe. At the same time, part of the liquid, to which the rotation of the wheel has given kinetic energy, is directed through the ejector channel to the nozzle and is pushed out of it under pressure. The flow accelerated due to the narrowed part of the nozzle mixes with the transported one, transferring its energy to it, and at the same time drawing it in due to the reduced pressure at the outlet. Thus, a significant increase in the immersion depth of the suction pipe is achieved, which in some models reaches 50 meters.

A distinctive feature of such pumps is the inlet, displaced relative to the central axis (in conventional centrifugal electric pumps, such an arrangement is also not uncommon), such units are very rare in pumping stations due to the above reasons (low efficiency).

Rice. 6 Electric pump device with built-in ejector

Remote ejector stations

A pumping station with an external ejector has a significant advantage over equipment with a built-in ejector unit - it can operate in normal mode, we raise water from a depth of no more than 9 meters, and if necessary, you can always connect a device to increase the suction depth.

To do this, in the hydraulic part of the body there are two holes of different diameters with standard sizes of 1 1/2 and 1 inch, a pressure pipe is connected to the larger one, and a recirculation pipe is connected to the second one, supplying water to the ejector nozzle. The ejector assembly itself is placed in a water intake source along with pipelines. Since without supplying liquid to the ejector, it will not rise from a great depth, the entire system is filled with water before starting work.

By appearance electric pumps with a remote ejector differ from standard models by the presence of two adjacent holes in the hydraulic compartment of the housing. A pumping station with an external ejector is produced by many domestic and foreign manufacturers, the Marina model from the Italian company Speroni is the most famous, and other Italians are also often found on the market: Aquatica, Quattro Elementi, domestic Unipump.

Rice. 7 Remote ejector station and its connection

How to make an ejector yourself

When a standard pumping station stopped sucking water during operation due to a lowering of the water table, it can be lowered by tearing a hole of the required depth in the ground - there are no other ways to increase the suction depth. It is pointless to make a home-made ejector according to any drawings, to purchase and install it - the part cannot be connected to a housing in which there is one inlet for the pressure pipeline instead of the two required for the operation of the ejector assembly.

If an ejector pumping station was purchased, and the assembly was lost or broken, you can make an ejector with your own hands from parts of plumbing fittings and fittings.

A similar design scheme is shown in Fig. 8, its main constituent parts are:

Tee(1). The part serves to connect the inlet pipes for two water flows and at the same time is a chamber in which they are mixed with the transfer of kinetic energy to the transported one. At the outlet of the tee, instead of a diffuser, an adapter is installed to connect the pressure pipeline.
Union(2). The part replaces the nozzle in the standard model and is designed to accelerate the recirculating water flow. When installing it, the length of the fitting is chosen so that the flow coming out of it is on the central axis of the transported one.
corners(6, 7). Necessary for connecting the recirculation pipeline and placing the ejector in a vertical position, the angle 7 has a small inner diameter due to the fact that the return flow is always fed into the ejector through a pipeline of a smaller cross section than the pressure one.
Corner(5). Water from the source enters the ejector through this part, the nut at the end is for attaching the water filter.
Adapter(4). The part is necessary to connect the pressure pipeline entering the pumping station.

Before assembly, grind the hexagonal part of the fitting to a cone-shaped state, shorten it to the desired length or lengthen it with a piece of vinyl chloride tube. After that, the entire structure is assembled, first screwing in the fitting, and then the rest of the parts with sealing the threaded connections with flax, plumbing thread, FUM tape.

Rice. 8 Homemade ejector

Water pumping stations for individual water supply with a built-in or remote ejector to increase the suction depth are rarely used in everyday life due to a very low efficiency of about 15%. The purchase of such devices is advisable in cases where the level of the water table is likely to temporarily drop below the maximum allowable mark of 9 m due to different circumstances- large volumes of water intake, drought, frequent siltation of the source with a decrease in the water level.

Video

The principle of operation of the ejector

Aurora ejector pumping station, description

Let's see what an ejector is. It is worth starting with the fact that it is an integral part of the pumping stationdesigned for pumping water. What is its essence?

The main purpose is to help the pumping station. In such cases, when the water is at a great depth, for example, at a depth of 7 meters, a conventional pump may not be able to cope with the water supply. And then, to solve the problem of pumping water even from such a depth, an ejector is installed to help the pump. Thus, the problem is easily solved. In other words, the device is used to improve the efficiency of the pumping station.

Of course, if the water is too deep, then you will need to use a technique such as a powerful submersible pump.

Device Features

The device of the ejector is very simple, it can even be assembled by hand from ordinary materials. The design of the device consists of such parts as:

Diffuser;
Node to offset;
Water suction chamber;
Nozzle narrowed down.

The operation of the device is based on Bernoulli's law. When the speed of a certain flow increases, a field with a low level of pressure is created around it. As a result, there is an effect vacuum. The liquid, passing through the nozzle, narrowed downwards according to its design, gradually increases the speed. After that, the liquid, getting into the mixer, creates a low pressure in it. Thus, the pressure of the liquid that enters the mixer through the water suction chamber is greatly increased.

It is also worth noting that for the ejector to work properly, it must be installed on the pump so that some of the liquid that rises with the pump remains inside the device, or rather, the nozzle, creating the necessary pressure constantly. It is thanks to this principle of operation that it is possible to maintain a constant accelerated flow. The use of such a device can significantly save energy.

The main types of ejectors

Depending on the installation, the ejectors may be different. They are usually divided into two main types: built-in and remote. The difference between these types is small, that is, they differ only in the place of installation, however, this small difference may affect the operation of the pumping station. . Both types have their own advantages and disadvantages..

Built-in, as you might guess from the name, is mounted directly into the pump housing, being its integral part.

Embedded model

The built-in ejector has its advantages:

It is enough just to mount the pump itself, without installing additional equipment, while saving space in the well.
It is located inside, that is, it is protected from dirt getting inside the device, and this, in turn, allows you to save money on purchasing additional filters.

Of the shortcomings, only a small efficiency can be noted at great depths exceeding 10 meters. However, the main purpose of the built-in models is to use them for pumping water from shallow depths. And one more nuance in protecting embedded devices: they provide a powerful and uninterrupted water pressure. Therefore, they are often used for irrigation and other household needs.

Another minor drawback could be high level pump noise amplified by water flow noise. Such pumps are usually installed outside a residential building.

Remote device

A remote, or external, device is mounted on a pumping station at a depth of at least 20 meters. And according to some experts, it is completely necessary to install the device at a distance of half a meter from the pump. That is, it can be placed directly in the well or brought to a water source. Thus, the noise from work will not be a problem for the residents. However, even here there are some nuances. For example, to connect a pump to a source, a pipe is needed so that water can return to the device. The length of the pipe must match the depth of the well. In addition to the pipe for recirculation, a tank is also needed from which water will be drawn.

Steam, steam jet and gas

Steam ejectors are designed to pump gas out of confined spaces and to maintain the air in a rarefied state.

Steam jets, unlike steam jets, use the energy of a steam jet. The principle of operation is based on the fact that the flow of steam leaving the nozzle carries with it at high speed the flow passing through the annular channel around the nozzle. Similar station used for pumping water from ships.

The air or gas ejector is used in the gas industry. During operation of the device, a low-pressure gas medium is compressed, compression is achieved due to high-pressure gas vapors.

Vacuum fixtures

The operation of vacuum ejectors is based on the Venturi effect. They are multi- and single-stage. Compressed air enters the device and passes through the nozzle, and this leads to an increase in dynamic pressure and a decrease in static pressure, that is, a vacuum is created. Therefore, compressed air entering the ejector, mixes with the exhaust air and exits through the muffler.

In multistage ejectors, unlike the first type, the vacuum is created not in one, but in several nozzles, which are located in one row. Thus, compressed air passes through the nozzles and exits the muffler. Advantage of the second kind is that when using the same volume of air, greater productivity is provided than in single-stage ones.

Difference from injector

Both of these devices are jet, that is, for the suction of liquid and gaseous substances.

An ejector is a device in which kinetic energy is transferred from the working medium at high speed to the non-working, that is, passive medium, by means of their displacement.

Injector - device where gases and liquids are compressed.

The main difference between these devices lies in the way energy is transferred to the passive medium. For example, in the injector, the supply occurs due to pressure, and in the ejector, the supply occurs due to the creation of a self-priming effect.

Why an ejector in a pumping station. Pumping station with ejector facilitates the lifting of life-giving moisture from great depths

Varieties of ejector pumps and their application features

The principle of operation of the device

The principle of operation of the ejector

Choice: built-in or external?

Features of mounting the device

Using a homemade external option

Self-assembly of the ejector

Pipe connection procedure

Initial launch and further operation

Useful video on the topic

what is it, the principle of operation, how to do it yourself?

principle of operation and device of the ejector pump

When do you need an ejector?

Types of ejector devices

Design features and principle of operation

Types of ejectors at the installation site

Production of an ejector and its connection to pumping equipment

installation example with external and internal design

Ejector for a pumping station - design and typical varieties of the assembly

Self-manufacturing of the ejector: an overview of the process

Ejector for a pumping station - DIY assembly and installation

What is an ejector for?

How to do it yourself

Operating rules

why this element is in the pumping station, what is the principle of operation

Types and typical varieties of the ejector pump

Features and principle of operation of the installation

Self-made ejector

operating principle and installation rules

Ejector mounting procedure

Connecting a homemade ejector

Useful video on ejectors

What is an ejector and how does it work?

Ejector pump - principle of operation and expected benefits

Varieties of ejectors - classification by location

Self-manufacturing: step by step instructions

Secrets of success - how to increase the efficiency of a homemade design

What is an ejector and why is it needed

What are the pumping stations

Stations with built-in ejector

Remote ejector stations

How to make an ejector yourself

Video

Device Features

The main types of ejectors

Embedded model

Remote device

Steam, steam jet and gas

Vacuum fixtures

Difference from injector

Read also on the topic: