The final stage of the construction of the bath is the construction and insulation of its roof. This is the part of the structure that first takes the blows of the elements (rain, wind, snow) and does not allow them to destroy the protective "umbrella" of the bath. In order to properly organize all stages of construction, its shape and design must be determined in advance.

A standard question that is usually asked during the construction of a bath: What material is better to cover the roof? The answer to it lies in the climatic conditions of the area where it is being built. By the way, these indicators, as a rule, are already known to the developer, because a residential building has already been built on this site.

Features of choosing a bath roof

Usually, two main roof options are used for a bath - single-pitched and gable. Multi-pitched rather complicate installation and waterproofing work, significantly increase costs. Although someone may be attracted precisely by their intricate shape, which gives the building of the bath sophistication, beauty and individuality.

When choosing a bath roof, the following recommendations are usually followed:

• If the bathhouse building stands separately, it is better to give preference to a gable roof, and for the one adjacent to the house - a shed roof with a slope of about 50-60˚.
• more suitable for small baths (area 12-15 m 2), gable - for larger baths.
• In areas with heavy rainfall, the roof is made at an angle of 45˚ and thereby reduces the accumulation of snow.
• In open areas prone to strong winds (steppe, forest-steppe), the roof of the bath is made more flat to reduce windage.

Depending on how to cover the roof of the bath - hard or - a different base is made under it:

• tiles, slate or profiled sheet require crates;
• roll material - solid wooden flooring on the rafters.

The better to cover the roof of the bath: remembering the old days

Roofing for a bath is usually chosen inexpensive. Previously, in general, it was turf, wood chips, tes.

1. Chip roofing - has beautiful view and quite durable, and the steeper the ramp, the longer it lasts, and vice versa. Chips for coating are selected from pine, spruce, aspen and adjust it in three layers of different lengths. They are laid so that each of the chips can overlap the edges of the previous one.
2. Sod roofing - gravel is laid on a bituminous mastic coating, then sod in two layers: one upside down, the other down. Such a roof does not need additional thermal insulation of the ceiling. True, it turns out to be very heavy, and on hot days it must be watered.
3. Tess roofing is a light material, but easily flammable, so it is impregnated twice with refractory bitumen or oil paint. To prevent the roof from leaking, the boards in the first bottom row are laid with the tray up, and proudly down, and the top row is vice versa.

Today, from a large assortment - how to cover the roof of a bath, we can distinguish:

• roofing material: tilt angle - from 5 °, service life - 10-15 years;
• slate: tilt angle - from 20 °, service life - 30-40 years;
• corrugated board: tilt angle - from 8 °, service life - from 50 years;
• seam roof: slope angle - from 18 °, service life - from 50 years;
• metal tile: tilt angle - from 30 °, service life - from 50 years.

The device of a rigid roof for a bath on the example of slate

The crate for slate is arranged with a slope of more than 27 °. The bars are placed at a distance of 0.8-1m from each other. Sheets of slate are fastened to the crate in the crests of waves of adjacent sheets using special anti-corrosion slate nails with hats (length 10-12 cm), under which special washers made of rubber or felts are placed.

Slate on the bath is laid apart. With a steep slope, the upper row overlaps the lower row by about 120 mm, and with a sloping roof, by 140 mm. In areas where strong winds often blow, it is recommended to additionally fasten the slate in the cornice row with screws and staples. All gaps, including between sheets, are sealed bituminous mastic layer of 5-6 mm. For greater reliability, if desired, roofing material can be placed under the slate. In this case, the crate must be continuous.

The ridge of such a roof is cut out of a sheet of galvanized steel: it is cut lengthwise into four parts, bent and fixed on the ridge.

The device of a soft roof for a bath on the example of roofing material

Roofing from rolled materials for a bath is a waterproofing dense carpet, consisting of 3-4 layers glued together. On a solid wood flooring first, a ridge made of galvanized sheet is fixed on top. Then an underlying layer is laid on the flooring - glassine or roofing felt. It is glued with bituminous mastic heated to 180 ° C. This work requires extreme caution:

• hot mastic should be lifted to the roof with incomplete buckets,
• when gluing, use canvas mittens, wear boots.

The underlying layer is gradually, strip by strip, overlapped across the ridge, fixing the overlap with roofing nails. The end of the roll by 20-25 mm must be thrown over the ridge to the other side.

As the next step, mastic is again applied to the underlying layer, on which roofing material is already glued, similarly throwing the end of the strip of material over the ridge. Each of its strips is shifted when laying by half the width and overlapped with the first one. Then carefully smooth out so that bubbles do not form.

On the slopes, the canvas is folded 15-20 cm under the crate, fixed with roofing nails and wooden slats. Also, with the help of wooden slats, extreme canvases are attached to the eaves.

To deal with the question of how to make a roof for a bath, let's immediately divide the answer to it into two parts - theoretical and practical. Because everyone has their own specifics, it is better to show the principle than to give a bunch of examples. However, there will also be examples.

And further. The article does not replace construction training, and the roof is, after all, a complex structure that requires knowledge, therefore, for those who, without experience, intend to build a roof for a bathhouse with their own hands, we advise you to at least cover yourself with books on the construction of the roof, after reading it will be clear whether the task is within your power or not.

Let's start the theoretical part.

Height

When it comes to bath roof height, then you need to understand what is meant by her tilt angle. And it is not an arbitrary value, but depends on what winds blow in your area and how much precipitation falls.

ADVICE! Assume that an increase in the angle of inclination simultaneously increases the wind load and prevents rain from trapping on the roof surface.

Minimum Tilt Angle, at which the roof is considered pitched, starts with 2.5 degrees. Less - flat roofs, and up to 10 degrees - pitched, but they will also have problems with the removal of precipitation, you will need manual cleaning. But the accumulated snow is hundreds of kilograms pressing on the roof!

Max Tilt Angle we will consider equal 60 degrees. It's believed that maximum snow will put pressure on the roof with a slope of 30 degrees, and with a slope of 45 degrees, the snow will slide down by itself.

Another factor related to the choice of the angle of inclination is specifications roofing material. You can select the material for the angle of inclination that is optimal for your area, or you can rely on the material and seek a compromise with the climatic optimum.

BY THE WAY! An increase in the angle of inclination will entail an increase in cost.

Cards and explanations for them, as well as simplified calculation formulas you will find in this . We strongly recommend that you familiarize yourself with them and study the formulas that will determine the load and affect the calculation of the mass of the roof.

However, you can use a simple life hack: you are not the first to build, take a closer look at the buildings of your neighbors, talk with them about problems with the roof, if any - the optimal degree of slope will be determined without any hassle. Yes, and the material will also be clearer.

Types of truss systems

Let's show you first types of pitched roofs. Rafter systems are something like ribs that are easy to imagine under the outer layer of these structures. Accordingly, you can imagine the complexity of each specific system. Rafter systems are named just by the type of roof.

Rafters according to the material can be made of tree or metal. In our case, the consideration of metal structures is unnecessary, so only wood.

The principle of connection and load transfer is different for layered and hanging rafters. The first are attached at one end to the ridge, the other - to the wall trim. In this case, the load is transferred to the ridge, and from it to the gables / tongs, the inner wall or supports, and the other end transfers the load to the outer wall. With such a transfer, the rafter works only for deflection in the middle part.

hanging the rafters rest against each other with their upper edge, creating a spacer. In this case, the skate is missing. To compensate for this expansion, the bottom rafter legs connected with a tie.

All this can be seen in the figure below. It also clearly shows rafterless system, which was used in the traditional log construction- instead of rafters were made take it easy, laid on ledges gables (males). The orientation is slightly perpendicular to the rafters.

taken from the book Saveliev A. A. - “Roof structures. Rafter systems "(2009)

Making rafters for a bathhouse with your own hands is a feasible task, but it must be preceded by many calculations of the loads to which the roof will be subjected. Full settlement done by professionals, in the literature you can find both complete and simplified calculations.

Types of roofing

In addition to wind and snow load roofing weight- an important factor influencing the calculation truss system, which must withstand all - static and dynamic - loads during the operation of the building. Therefore, it is worth deciding on the type of coverage in advance, even before the development of the project.

The technical characteristics of the roofing material also include minimum or maximum the angle of inclination of the roof at which it can be used. Consider this when choosing the height of the roof of the bath.

metal tile

Light weight metal tiles- its main advantage, because it reduces the load on the rafters and the structure as a whole.

Made from iron, copper and aluminum. Iron - in the form of steel, subject to corrosion, therefore, in need of protection - for example, galvanizing. It is clear that copper and aluminum varieties are much more resistant in terms of corrosion, and would last for several decades, but they are also less durable.

BY THE WAY! The operating time of a conventional steel galvanized metal tile is 10-15 years.

Regardless of the metal used, the metal tile is coated on both sides polymer. This is done to give it the desired color, as well as for additional protection.

The thickness of the metal layer is different, the weight depends on it square meter coverage, but recommended thickness is 0.5 mm. Weight is approximately 5 kg per square meter.

Bath with a gable roof made of metal. A photo

Minimum roof pitch for metal tiles is 12 degrees. (More is possible.)

With its help, you can make a shed roof in the bath, gable and broken (with an attic).

Slate

Slate can be different - from natural (slate plates) to keramoplasts. However, it is most common to find asbestos-cement a variety are flat or wavy sheets of material in which cement is mixed with asbestos.

IMPORTANT! The presence of asbestos makes it harmful to health.

A common roofing material weighing about 11 kg per square meter with a thickness of 4.8 mm.

Laying the roof of the bath from slate. StroyDom Photos

Fragile, brittle, but non-combustible and quite durable - it will last quietly for 30 years. Especially if it's processed. protective compounds, and moss will not grow on it, its waterproofing properties will become much better, and it will be more durable. In addition, it has good noise isolation performance.

Installation of slate is cost-effective when roof slope more than 12 degrees. From it it is quite possible to make a roof on the bath.

Ondulin

Similar in appearance to slate (the same wavy sheets), but a completely different material. It is made from cardboard, which, to obtain the desired properties, is corrugated and impregnated with bitumen, as well as heat-resistant resin and dyes, giving it bright colors.

Due to impregnation, the material becomes waterproof. In addition, it is quite flexible, does not differ in fragility. The weight of 1 square meter of ondulin is slightly more than 3 kg. It is produced in sheets of 2m by 0.95m. The pluses include a variety of colors.

Fragment of the bath roof made of ondulin. A photo

Mounted on ramps bias at least 6 degrees. It is not necessary to remove the old roof, if any. A good option than to cover the roof of the bath.

INTERESTING! The sound absorption of ondulin is such that the noise from rain hitting the roof will practically not be heard, unlike all materials made of metal.

The expiration date from the manufacturer is 15 years, in practice it can be longer.

Roof tiles

It is unlikely that many of the owners of baths will cover them ceramic or shale tiles are expensive materials that you will not find on outbuildings. Their main advantage is, of course, their service life, which reaches (for shale) two centuries! But this is not only expensive, but also heavy material that requires a reinforced truss system. In general, it is unprofitable.

In addition to ceramic and slate, there is also cement-sand and silicate tiles, they are a little cheaper, they also have a long service life, but we will not recommend them either.

But there is another class of tiles, called so very conditionally, from which it is quite possible to make a roof on a bathhouse with your own hands.

bituminous tiles

It is a flexible roofing material made from fiberglass(dense sheet of glass fibers), coated on both sides bitumen and sprinkled stone chips(basalt or shale).

ADVICE! It is better to prefer basalt chips to shale ones - it crumbles less.

Flexible tiles are easy to install and completely undemanding to surfaces. Of course, you won’t see a dome in a bathhouse, but she would have coped with it. Minimum slope roofing for its installation on the roof of the bath is 12 degrees.

Sauna from a double bar with a gable roof from a bituminous (soft) tile. A photo

shingle weight varies quite significantly depending on the amount of bitumen and the manufacturer. There are single-layer, which weigh 5-8 kg per square, there are laminated multi-layer ones, with a weight of 13 kg per square.

IMPORTANT! Since bituminous tiles lie only on a solid (!) Lathing of moisture-resistant plywood or OSB, the weight of plywood (or OSB) and their cost should be included in the project in advance.

Decking

Another type of metal roofing material that has increased noise during rain. However, he cheap and is in demand.

The metal that goes to the corrugated board can be different - this is steel, requiring galvanizing, and aluminum, and copper, and chromium-nickel steel. There are different types of corrugated board and by the presence or absence polymer coating, height and shape of the corrugation (profile).

ON A NOTE! The height of the corrugation of corrugated board intended for roofing is 44-57 mm. What is less - wall corrugated board, what is more - for fixed formwork reinforced concrete floors.

The weight of corrugated board fluctuates in the range of 4-9 kg per square. The sheets are overlapped, on the roof with a slope of at least 8 degrees.

Bath with corrugated roof. StroyDom Photos

The roof of the bath from corrugated board is a completely acceptable, budget solution.

Gable, do-it-yourself: according to the material of the walls

For those who decided to make a bath with their own hands gable roof, you need to know what role the material from which the bath walls are built will play in their choice.

How to make a bath from a log house

We have already said that wood construction traditionally does without a modern truss system, replacing it with logs (legs) perpendicularly laid on males (pediments). Such a solution requires professional skills, as, indeed, the construction of a log house.

Let's start with the fact that the log house should stand for 2-3 years, so that later its roof does not “give”.

The usual angle of inclination is 45-60 degrees. Easiest to customize gables on the ground - remove the upper crowns, put on the ground and achieve the correct geometry of the pediment - the logs form steps, gradually decreasing in length. take it easy are placed through two or three rows, for this the cutting method is used, for example, “in the paw”.

At the very top of the gables will lie skating slope, and the ledges of males are sawn down to a regular triangle. A log with a diameter of 18-20 cm is used on the slope. The slope should protrude beyond the roof by 50 cm.

Lattices of the roof of the bath, on which the roofing material will be laid. StroyDom Photos

Slightly laid on top laths, on which the roofing material will be attached. A traditional sled roof is made without nails at all.

How to make rafters for a gable roof on a bath from other materials

In principle, the usual truss system is applicable to log cabins and timber structures, so the following can be applied to them. The walls can be made of brick, block cellular concrete, frame. Brick and concrete will require installation on top of wooden walls Mauerlat, and in frame structures, its function is performed by upper beam wall framing. If we are talking about a log house, then the Mauerlat will be top crown.

A gable roof involves supporting the lower end of the rafter leg on Mauerlat, and the top one - on the ridge, or with an emphasis - on the top of the other rafter leg. In the latter case, the bottoms of the rafter legs are pulled together puff.

Gables are made from the main material of the walls and serve as a support for the ridge beam. If the roof is heavy, the ridge will need intermediate supports. Usually in such cases, it just passes under the skate inner wall, on which is placed sill and rely ridge poles. But in our case, the roof should not be too heavy - and the dimensions of the bath do not contribute to this, and the roofing materials are quite light.

The end of the rafter leg can be entirely supported by the Mauerlat, or it can continue further in the form of an overhang, while the reliance on the Mauerlat comes at the expense of notches on the rafter (or building).

Due to the fact that the building is subjected to various loads, it is better to make gable roof rafters for a bath with movable mount which will relieve unnecessary stress at the junctions.

How to build a shed: according to the material of the walls

What has been said above about a gable bath applies, in part, to a single-sided one. Only here for the log house is not provided classical solution for this type of roof, but the frame one is quite capable of claiming specialness, because the shed version is very suitable for her.

ATTENTION! The site is entirely dedicated to how to build a pitched roof. There you will find calculations and step by step instructions on the construction of the roof of the bath with their own hands.

frame

Tips for those who want to do it themselves frame bath, will be found in this .

For erection shed roof you will need to raise one of the walls (it will become a ridge and set the angle of the roof). The video below shows that the height of the ridge wall is laid initially, and it is not necessary to increase it. The video shows the stages of construction frame structure non-attic type, that is, the ceiling is the roof.

However, it is worth noting that shed roofs may well be loft type. Recommended to read the book Miller M.R., Miller R. "Construction Guide frame house and roofing works.

Those who chose as the wall material of the frame structure SIP panels, they can also use to cover the roof. This is cost-effective if the roof plane does not exceed 5-6 meters in length. But if you make a frame bath with a pitched roof, then this is quite realistic. It remains only to choose a light roofing material and cover the roof with it from the outside.

Other options

In all other options, you will also have either a wall of the main material that is continued above, or a superstructure, possibly made of wood, with which you form the desired height of the ridge wall.

The videos below do not quite relate to our topic, but you can extract from them useful information, which will help you properly make the roof on the bath.

Shown here interesting way attaching rafters to the Mauerlat using beams. The basis is the walls of cellular concrete. You can adapt this idea to make a shed roof for a bath with your own hands as follows:

Make one wall higher than the other, put on both Mauerlat, as shown in the video.

Then fix it on a high wall board, which will keep the beams parallel to the ground.

On a high wall, it will not work to fix the rafters to the beams, so they will have to undercut and put it as described in the one we already mentioned.

Roof battens and counter battens in turn:

Here are the answers to how to fix the crates:

However, do not forget that the rain will drum loudly on such a roof, and it will last 10 years, no more. He chose the height not roofing, but wall (20 mm profile), though. And soon I ran into trouble: the corrugated board covered with a film collected condensate and already started rust. And if the condensate was easy to deal with, then you can't fix the quality of the sheet:

So be careful when choosing a material when building a bath roof!

Of course, we have already mixed theory and practice, but still there will be more practical things to come.

Construction and installation of the ceiling step by step

Attic roofs automatically imply the presence of an overlap that will become the ceiling of your building from below and the floor of the attic from above. These covers are of two types: flooring and hemmed.

In the first case, you do not even have to install floor beams - just fix the flooring boards on opposite walls. However, do not rush to rejoice - if we are talking about a log house, then there you need to choose ceiling crown, which will not be the last one (1 or 2 more crowns above it), remove it on opposite walls, and make excavation for laying boards.

Other times can be fixed on the wall beam, which will be the "stand" under the ceiling boards.

IMPORTANT! The boards should go on the wall / timber to a depth of at least 5 cm.

5 cm is the optimal value that allows you not to worry that the ends will deteriorate and the board will not hold.

False ceiling in the process of installation. StroyDom Photos

Can be used grooved board or fasten from the outer (upper) side of the board with bars so that they do not fall apart. It is also possible to fasten the boards into a shield while still on the ground, and install it in the right place.

BY STANDARDS, the flooring should not be used on spaces more than 2.5 meters, because the boards sag. Or you need to use partitions as intermediate supports.

So, the boards are stacked, fastened, you can attach foil or film from below for vapor barrier, top - put kraft paper and pour expanded clay or vermiculite with a layer of 20-30 cm. In our opinion, this is an excellent warming. Only boards should be strong enough, for example, have a thickness of 50 mm.

hemmed the ceiling starts with beams. For them, a recess is made in the walls, on 2/3 of the wall - it is cut down in the log house, it is left during construction from block empty place. There is no need to make a through hole. The step of the beams is 0.6-1 m.

ATTENTION! Instead of cutting, you can use a metal mount "beam holder".

Metal fastening "beam holder"

Nailed to the installed beams skull bar, which will be the "stand" for the draft ceiling. Boards are laid on the ledges of the cranial beam rough flooring.

vapor barrier can be done from below, from the side of the ceiling. Then a heater is laid in the gaps between the beams, on top of it the beams are attached waterproofing, a rough flooring is placed on it or logs, next layer- finishing floor. From below, from the side of the ceiling over the vapor barrier is done clear ceiling, for example, from the lining.

Well, let's move on to building the roof of the bath with our own hands.

Construction instructions and step by step guide

Any construction involves a phase of preliminary calculations. In the case of a roof, you will need to consider the weight of all components of the roof itself(rafters, roofing material, insulation, etc.), as well as snow load (which you can find out from the map of regions) and wind load (another map in the already mentioned article).

Next you will need cross section formulas wooden structures . They are quite complex and even in books are often given in a simplified form. We advise you not to focus on “average indicators” on the Internet, but to calculate your own case from books.

Construction of a bathhouse with a garage under one roof. StroyDom Photos

Perhaps there are programs not only for calculating the section of beams, they could make your task easier. We found online calculators that calculate the truss system, the weight of the material and much more for you: Stroy-calc - Professional construction calculators.

When all calculations are completed, lumber is purchased, the processing phase begins. Don't forget that antiseptics and flame retardants on the roof - your friends (in the steam room they were enemies). The junctions of the tree with everything else are accepted waterproof something: mastic, roofing material, etc.

In addition to lumber, you also purchase mounts. The mounts themselves are also described in books - somewhere it can be rigid, somewhere - it can have degrees of freedom in certain planes. Freedom is needed so that the roof is not torn off by the wind, so that the elements do not collapse when the soil moves, the log house dries out, etc.

An example of calculating the roof on a bath 6 by 6 meters

We go to the appropriate calculator and enter our data. Nizhny Novgorod is in the 4th zone, we deal with the rest along the way - for an angle of 30 degrees, the rise will be about 175 cm (trigonometry, a leg and an opposite angle are given). The length of the overhangs suits, the pitch of the rafters and the parameters of the crate, too. On the rafters we take wood of the 1st grade.

At the exit we have: roof area - 47.68 sq. m. The weight of the metal tile is 286 kg. Rafters 22 pieces, with a minimum section of 40x150 mm, each length 297 cm, total weight 241 kg. The same data for the crate.

As you can see, the calculator saved us from unnecessary engineering torment, with such data you can already get to work.

Making a choice

And now let's try to answer the questions that quite often arise from the owners of baths.

What is better to cover: corrugated board or metal tile

Above, we have already described the properties of corrugated board and metal tiles. Now let's think about the better to cover the roof of the bath, if the choice of these two.

Approximately price metal tiles are two times higher than corrugated board (approximately). Therefore, its advantages should also be "two times" more noticeable.

Both materials, as mentioned, are subject to rust, if not made of copper or aluminum, but the use of non-ferrous metals dramatically increases the cost of the material.

Metal tiles usually have a well-protected top layer that comes into contact with the atmosphere, but the bottom needs protection, so you need to do a good job. vapor barrier and ventilation to avoid condensation.

Installation of a roof from a metal tile. Cromwell Photos

The corrugated board also has coating, but, as you saw in the video, they sell it as "made in Italy", and it starts to rust after the first condensate.

In essence, here both materials are equal and too dependent on the manufacturer, his honesty.

In both cases, by the way, vulnerabilities become attachment points because they are penetrating. Therefore, it would be nice to varnish them and cover them with wide caps of fasteners.

Both materials noisy, this was also discussed. Both low thermal insulation. Both weigh little.

Actually, the whole difference comes down to one single subjective factor - beauty. Metal tile looks prettier and “richer” than corrugated board, which is traditionally covered with garages, sheds and other outbuildings. If a appearance it doesn't matter, corrugated board will cost cheaper. Otherwise, bet on a metal tile.

How to cover cheap and high quality

Here we dare to present our own vision of how you can cover the roof of the bath inexpensively and efficiently.

Based on real budget savings, then the optimal material can be called ondulin or bituminous (flexible) tile economy class. Both materials are based on bitumen.

Ondulin costs about the same as corrugated board, flexible tiles - like metal tiles. Of course, bituminous tiles can be very different in price, but they are cheaper than the tiled variety of ondulin - onduvilla.

It is also convenient that in the case when it is necessary to repair, replacing a sheet of ondulin or flexible tiles is much easier than corrugated board (they try to take them so that there are no horizontal joints, which increases the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sheet).

Additional questions

How to make a pipe in the bath through the roof

The question "how to make a pipe in a bath through the roof" we consider in detail in this one.

How to build a house with a bath under one roof

How to build a house with a bathhouse under one roof is described in this one, which you will also find on our website.

Bath from the foundation to the roof with your own hands

But this question cannot be answered in one article. Below is a list of articles that may be useful to those who decide to build a bath from the foundation to the roof with their own hands:

***
Well, what could be said on the scale of the article has been said. Books that can clarify many points related to the construction and construction of the roof can be easily found on the Internet. Although it would be worth starting to make the roof yourself, after all, from the barn.

In contact with

Making a roof for a bath is an important stage in design and construction. Efforts to find a suitable place, lay the foundation and erect walls will be in vain if the roof structure is not properly arranged. The special atmosphere that reigns in the room makes it necessary to approach the choice of the type of roof for the bathhouse and roofing materials with great care. Studying the features of various designs and design nuances will help in the process of arranging your own bath house.

Roof type selection

The aesthetic side of the issue when choosing the type of roof for a bath is in last place. Practical properties come to the fore. To create solid construction, when determining the type of roof, the following factors are taken into account:

• climatic conditions of the region where the bath will be built;
• wind and snow load parameters;
• wall material and box dimensions;
• foundation thickness and soil characteristics.

It is recommended to study all the indicators and draw up a project before laying the foundation, so that the supporting structure can withstand the weight of the roof.

Varieties of roofs are able to satisfy the most demanding requirements. For some, simple installation is important, while others value visual appeal. In both cases, the top of the requirements are performance characteristics roofs. In most cases, when arranging baths, preference is given to the usual forms in the form of single-sided and gable design. Bath with broken roof is extremely rare due to the complexity of installation.

Characteristics of a pitched roof

Low construction costs are a key advantage of this type of roofing. This applies to material, labor and time costs. A bath with a single-pitched roof casts less shadow, which is important in a compact area.

Attention! This design is suitable for small buildings or rooms attached to the main building.

The practicality of a shed roof will be appreciated in areas with strong winds. A bath with such a roof has less windage. Among the shortcomings of the structure, the problem of precipitation delay is noted. Additional load on the roof reduces the period of its operation compared to other types of structures.

A shed roof for a bath is designed with a slope of at least 40 ° in relation to the horizon line. An important point is also the choice of roofing. A simple view of the bath is shown in the photo below:

Features of a gable design

More attractive appearance has a bath with a gable shape of the roof. This design allows you to decorate the attic and use it for business purposes. The gable type of a roof provides unhindered descent of rainfall. But here it is important to competently approach the choice of parameters and find a golden mean. There is a direct relationship between the change in slope and the increase in wind loads.

A bath with a gable type of roof is characterized by higher construction costs than a single-pitched structure. But this form is more familiar to the eye and practical during the operation of the bath. The presence of an attic is especially important when using a bathhouse in the winter. It serves as a kind of layer and retains heat. Therefore, it is worth worrying in advance about the formation of a roofing cake in the bath, which necessarily includes heat-insulating material.

The impressive dimensions of the bath make it possible to equip an attic instead of an attic, which will become a temporary haven for late guests. Instead of a gable shape, for the attic it is better to choose the appropriate type of roof.

A bath with a gable roof view is shown in the photo:

Roofing materials

The drafting of the bath project goes in two directions at the same time: in addition to the type of roof, it is important to foresee the types of roofing materials in advance.

Finish coat

The main characteristics of the finish coating:

• Metal tile. Despite the high cost of the material, it is actively used for decoration various kinds bath roofs. The reason for the popularity lies in the high performance of the material. The service life of a metal tile is at least half a century. The smooth surface contributes to the rapid descent of the snow cover. In addition to practicality, the metal tile gives the exterior of the bath an additional appeal.
• Decking. Durable material is optimally suited for the improvement of outbuildings. The bath is made out under the condition of a roof slope of more than 10 o.
• Slate. When choosing this type of coverage, you should be prepared for two unpleasant moments. If the slope of the roof of the bath is less than 20 °, there is a risk of precipitation getting into the joints, which adversely affects the integrity and strength of the coating. Over time, moss forms on it, and the bath loses its former attractiveness. Periodic cleaning of the roof surface will help restore the aesthetics of the exterior.
• Ruberoid. A budget type of roofing designed for a single-pitched type of construction with a slight slope. After 10-15 years, the roof of the bath will have to be updated, as the material will become unusable.

In addition to the listed types, the bath is covered with shingles or slate.

roofing cake

Attention! When installing materials between the membrane and interior decoration roofs leave a gap of 2 cm. This kind of ventilation gap provides accelerated evaporation of condensate, preventing it from penetrating inside the roofing pie.

The use of a double-sided membrane allows you to do without a ventilation gap when arranging the roof in the bath. Installation of all insulating materials overlap with a margin of 15-20 cm. Products should not be overstretched and sagging areas should not be left.

A high-quality thermal insulation layer will reduce heating costs. Insulate the sauna or bath with the following materials:

• Mineral wool. Widespread due to its cheapness. The material does an excellent job of insulating, but is extremely hygroscopic. Therefore, it needs a reliable waterproofing layer.
• Basalt slabs and EPP. The cost of arranging a bath will increase slightly. Among the advantages is less exposure to moisture.
• Styrofoam is used with caution. A bath is a fire hazardous object, and the melting of polystyrene is accompanied by the release of toxic substances.

The scheme of the roofing pie is shown in the photo:

When the shape of the roof and the type of materials for the bath are determined, proceed to the next step.

For the manufacture of the frame, it is important to determine the angle of inclination of the roof and necessary elements rafter system. The parameters of the rafters depend on the combination of constant and variable loads acting on the roof of the bath. Constant values ​​include the weight of the roofing pie and the topcoat, the batten and the rafter system itself. The weight of the roof covering depends on the material and is specified by the manufacturer. Snow cover, wind loads and the weight of workers determine the live loads.

Various types of truss systems that are used for arranging a bath show a photo:

To understand the need to install certain elements of the rafter system on the bath, it is important to know their functions:

• Mauerlat is designed to fix the lower part of the rafters. Therefore, the assembly must withstand lateral and vertical loads.
• The rafters provide support for the crossbars.
• Crossbars perceive exclusively horizontal loads.
• Ties protect the outer walls of the bath from tipping over. Fix them with metal plates or bolts as low as possible.
• The spans of the truss system work on bending.
• The ridge part of the frame must withstand horizontal compression forces.

Comment! Elements of the rafter system of the roof of the bath are subject to mandatory preliminary protection. To do this, they are treated with special compounds that prevent the development of fungus and mold.

The final form of the truss system depends on the size of the bath in general and the roof in particular. Strengthening of rigidity is facilitated by the addition of racks, ties, spacers and crossbars. Making a frame with rafters supported on a Mauerlat and a skate is easier than holding additional installation crossbars. But then a constant load will act on the walls of the bath.

Conclusion

The choice of roof type for a bath depends on several factors. A compact building with a small construction budget can be decorated with a pitched roof and opt for inexpensive roofing materials. If the bath will be operated year-round and the construction site is of impressive size, it is better to stay on a gable shape. In addition to a practical insulated roof, you will get an aesthetic appearance of the building. More complex types of structures are rarely used due to the complexity of construction.

When building a country bath, it is important to properly equip the roof, covering it with good material.

The choice of a suitable roofing material for a bath, which will be durable, beautiful and warm, is a very responsible task.

It is necessary to take into account such factors: the shape of the roof, the climatic features of the area and the features of the roofing material.

When choosing materials, you need to compare the characteristics and parameters offered by manufacturers.

Among the most popular roofing materials for a bath, the following are most acceptable:

• ruberoid;

• ondulin;

• metal tile;

• corrugated board;

• slate.

There is a pitched or flat roof shape. For a pitched roof, metal tiles, metal, ondulin are used. flat roof can be coated with resin, modified bitumen roofing, EPDM rubber roofing.

Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each of these materials, which are most suitable for arranging a bath roof.

Ondulin

Price: from 254 rubles per sq.

Not fragile, does not let water through, which is especially important if the climate is characterized by frequent cycles of freezing and thawing. The material is flame retardant and has a long-term use. Good for a bath.

By the way! Ondulin can be purchased on the official website of the manufacturer onduline.ru.

Onduvilla

Price: from 400 rubles per sq.

The roofing material is resistant to ultraviolet (UV) rays and does not require gravel coating. The material can be used for a long time.

Does not highlight harmful substances keeps warm. Good for a bath.

Official website: https://www.onduvilla.ru/.

metal tile

Price: from 400 rubles per sq.

Made from fiberglass or organic basis, coated on one side with mineral granules. The mineral coating is the most weather resistant.

Ruberoid

Price: from 20 rubles per sq.

The most flexible and durable roofing sheet. For a bath it is better not to use. The material is more suitable for waterproofing than as a finishing roof.

Decking

Price: from 350 rubles per sq.

Often chosen to cover baths or saunas. Fireproof. Can be used for bath. Cons - poor aesthetic appearance, high price.

Slate

Price: from 350 rubles per sq.

Creates quality and beautiful coverage but has a high cost. This is a fire resistant material. There are several varieties of slate, so it is best to find the highest quality material.

Like tiles, slate is a heavy material, and the roof structure must be designed for its weight.

Slate is harmful to humans - it is better not to use such material for a bath.

What should be the roofing material for the bath

Roofing materials for a bath must have the following technical characteristics:

• weather resistant- the roof must withstand rain and sun, hail and wind.

• durability— service life should be a key parameter for decision making. The period of use of a profiled sheet, Ondulin or slate is more than 20 years.

• Heat and soundproof- affect the warmth and comfort in the building (Ondulin is best suited here).

• Aesthetics- Appearance is also important.

• Have allowable loads- since the roof creates a power load on the rafter and load-bearing system of the building, the weight of the snow cover must also be taken into account.

• Take into account the configuration and slope of the roof- it is important to take into account the flexibility of the material and its optimally permissible slope when choosing.

• Affordable cost.

Usually, private bath on the suburban area does not differ in large dimensions, so the roof for it does not have the most complex design. However, despite the apparent simplicity, this design must still be reliable and durable. In addition, we do not forget about the planned functionality of the attic space - it may not be used at all, considered only as an auxiliary, for example, for storing bath utensils and brooms, or in the plans of the owners - to create a quite suitable one where you can fully relax.

Therefore, before deciding how to make a roof for a bath, you need to choose its design. Of course, this is done at the stage of drawing up a construction project. Well, then - you can proceed to the final calculations, and then - directly to the installation work.

Types of roofs for a bath

There are quite a few roof designs, but gable and single-slope options are most often used to cover the bath, less often - a broken mansard type of truss system. To figure out which of the designs is more suitable for a particular case, it is necessary to consider their general characteristics.

gable roofs

The most popular design for covering baths is a gable version of the roof, as it has many pronounced advantages. Gable systems can be created with an "inhabited" attic or simply with a cold attic, depending on the desire of the owner of the building. It is worth dwelling on which of the options is more profitable.

• The roof, under which the arrangement of the attic space is provided, can be called a more profitable design option for the following reasons:

- In the under-roof space, a living room can be equipped. If a bathhouse is being built in a country house, then a residential house and a bathhouse can be placed in the same building - a bathhouse and a bathroom on the first floor, and rest rooms on the second.

- If a country house already built, then in the attic of the bath you can make a room for winter storage of various garden tools and other items necessary for summer holidays and work on the site.

- If the bath will be used in the winter, then the attic will become additional air insulation layer, which retains heat inside the bath rooms.

- The presence of an equipped attic implies the location of the roof slopes at a large angle, so that the snow masses will not linger on the roof surface.

- Any roofing material can be laid on steep slopes, since there is practically no risk of leakage of such a structure.

The disadvantages include the fact that such a project is somewhat more difficult to implement, however, not so much. There will certainly be more materials. Wind loads on the roof will play a much larger role. If it is decided to equip a veranda next to the bath, then, most likely, one of the slopes will have to be broken in order to move to this extension with an already lower angle of roof slope.

• A gable roof without an attic space is usually chosen in three cases:

- If such a construction is predetermined by the chosen architectural style the buildings.

- If it is planned under one of the slopes, in addition to the bath itself, place a veranda or terrace, and at the same time leave the slope even from the ridge to the cornice, without a break.

- If you plan to install a solar water heating system on the roof -

If we talk about this design, then its characteristics will be directly opposite to the previous version:

- If the bath is being built in a region with snowy winters, then the applied snowdrifts will linger on slopes located at a slight angle.

- For such a roof with pronouncedly small slope angles, there are already quite serious restrictions on the choice of roofing. So, for example, it is not recommended to use soft tiles as a roofing material. Its pronounced rough surface will help retain moisture and wind-blown dirt, which becomes precondition for the appearance of moss colonies, and this will sooner or later lead to leaks. There may be problems with other coatings - each of them has its own limits of use on slopes of small steepness.

- Under a low roof it is impossible to equip either a residential or a normal utility room. At best, you can only fold medium-sized garden tools.

- If leaks occur, it will be much more difficult to find the exact location of damage to the roofing material.

- When using a bathhouse in winter, heat will leave the premises much faster through the ceiling, even if it is insulated, since a “cold” attic cannot take any part in the general thermal insulation system.

If the bath is planned to be used only in the warm season, then a low roof is also suitable for it. However, it is necessary to provide a reliable rafter system, since under the pressure of large masses of snow, its elements may not withstand the load.

shed roof

Shed roof has the most simple design, so its truss system is easy to mount. Mainly due to the fact that you don’t have to equip its ridge area - the rafters usually rest on opposite walls of different heights.

The features of such a design include the following:

- The absence of a warm attic will require effective thermal insulation of the ceiling if the bath is to be used all year round.

- It is convenient to install a solar collector or a tank for natural water heating on a pitched roof.

So, if the bath is small in size, and the owners do not experience any special need in the attic, then the shed roof may well become the best option.

Prices for fasteners for rafters

fasteners for rafters

Broken mansard roof

A mansard roof is usually made if it is planned to place both a bathhouse and the living quarters of a summer house in the same building. This option, of course, is more difficult in calculations and practical implementation, but in the end it helps to save a lot of money.

It is clear that the attic necessarily needs effective thermal insulation. And this is important even if the cottage is considered only for summer use. Otherwise, in the summer it will be unbearably hot in the upper part of the house, and there will be no comfort of living on attic floor out of the question.

The mansard roof has the most complex construction of all the above truss systems. And yet, very often it can be called the best option, since this approach allows you to save not only money, but also save more free space on the site.

Any roofing material can be used for the attic truss system, since snow can only linger on its upper part, which has small area stingrays. And yet they are best placed at an angle of at least 20 ÷ 25 degrees.

Of course, no one bothers to build a more complex roof system over the bath - hip, half-hip, tent. But in this case, this is rather an excess, which, however, can be justified by the general design style of this country estate.

What should be considered when drafting a truss system?

Although There are several suitable designs for the bath roof, the most popular of which is the gable version. Therefore, using the example of this design, it is worth considering those design features that must be taken into account when calculating the truss system.

If selected gable roof, then you need to know that there are two options for its arrangement - these are systems with layered and hanging rafters. The choice of one of them depends on the presence of capital partitions inside the structure. If any are present in the project, then a layered version of the truss system is selected. However, given that the structure of the bath usually has a fairly compact size, then a hanging truss structure can be used to cover it, in which the main load from its weight of the entire system falls on the external main walls of the building.

The rafters in the bath, built of timber or logs, are fixed to the upper strapping row. If the walls are raised from bricks or blocks, then along the upper end of the walls, on which the rafters will rest, is fixed wooden beam- Mauerlat.

Due to the fact that, in addition to the weight of the roofing with the crate, other, more serious loads will fall on the rafter legs, before ordering or making them yourself, it is necessary to make some calculations of their parameters. And for this, you first need to decide on the angle of the slope of the roof slopes. From given parameter a lot depends - and the length of the future rafter legs, and the loads that fall on the roof, and the type of roofing.

It is quite obvious that the angle of inclination of the slopes directly depends on the height of the ridge line, if we assume that the width of the building along the gable wall is known. To make it easier to determine this parameter, you can use the proposed calculator.